Ch.2 AP Human Geography Test Prep (Vocabulary and Multiple Choice)
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
53) The government of Bangladesh has helped reduce birth rates mainly by providing...
access to and information about various methods of contraception.
63) In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that...
actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.
31) The Phatak family in India decides to have five children, although India's official approach to demographic growth includes a public relations campaign encouraging smaller families. This illustrates...
an example of conflict between individual and government fertility goals.
16) Land suited for agriculture is called...
arable land.
45) The population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may appear ________ because the city's population is dominated by elderly people.
"upside down"
Overpopultaion
A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
11) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Peru was intensively settled before
AD 1.
9) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Turkey was intensively settled by...
AD 1.
10) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that the eastern coast of Australia was intensively settled by...
AD 1900.
70) The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been...
AIDS.
32) Analyzing the maps of fertility and mortality in this chapter, we see more countries with high birth rates and high rates of infant mortality in...
Africa south of the Sahara.
29) Life expectancy is lowest on average in...
Africa.
1) The United States census is politically important because...
Some legislative seats, including those of the U.S. House of Representatives, are appointed according to population
33) Analyzing various maps in this chapter along with a world map, we see that Laos has the highest rates of fertility and infant mortality among its neighbors in...
Southeast Asia.
21) Given the data in this chapter about urban and rural population concentrations, we might expect to find a lower proportion of farmers living in which of these areas?
Southeastern Europe
34) Analyzing the maps of crude birth rates and total fertility rates in this chapter, we can surmise that Afghanistan has a higher TFR and CBR than its neighbors in...
Southwest Asia and South Asia.
49) The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?
Stage 1
47) The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?
Stage 2
50) Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition?
Stage 2
56) Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition is this country?
Stage 2
48) The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?
Stage 4
51) A crude birth rate of approximately 10 per 1,000 is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition?
Stage 4
14) Among the following world regions, the least densely populated is...
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Maternal Mortality Rate
The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual is expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
28) A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in that country's...
doubling time.
17) We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its physiological density by...
increasing the size of its population.
36) Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data can be used to report Country D's...
infant mortality rate.
43) The shape of a country's population pyramid..
is determined primarily by its crude birth rate.
40) Among the world's countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates.
less
19) We can calculate that a country would lower its arithmetic density by...
limiting the size of its population.
22) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a...
low agricultural density.
54) The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's...
low status of women.
8) The countries depicted as smaller, or more limited in size, on the population cartogram have...
lower populations.
27) The world's annual ________ is currently approximately 1.2 percent, at which rate the world's population is projected to double in about 54 years.
natural increase rate (NIR)
20) India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although their landscapes and sizes are quite different. From this we can conclude that the two countries have roughly the same...
number of people per area of land.
15) Physiological density is the number of...
people per area suitable for agriculture.
65) A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of...
reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point of where the natural increase rate equals zero
68) The ________ that reached Europe from Central Asia in the 1300s was spread by fleas infecting rats, which were carried from port to port on most ships.
Black Plague, or bubonic plague,
35) Analyzing the map(s) in this chapter dealing with infant mortality rates, as well as a world map, we can deduce that...
Brazil has a lower IMR than Bolivia.
64) The two most populous countries in the world are...
China and India.
39) Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?
Country A
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
2) Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country south of the Philippines is...
Indonesia.
5) Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country within 2,000 miles of Australia is...
Indonesia.
7) The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is...
Indonesia.
4) A homeless person living in a small town would be ________ to be counted in the U.S. Census than a homeless person living in a large city.
More likely
61) All other factors being equal, assess which of the following families would most likely contribute to slowing its country's birth rates.
The daughters are encouraged to complete as many years of formal education as possible before marrying and/or beginning to bear children themselves.
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Physiological density
The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Dependency Ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Elderly support ratio
The number of working age people 15-64 divided by the number of persons 65 and older
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming as constant rate of natural increase
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
3) Geographers might characterize as overpopulated a country where...
The population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country's natural resources are adequate for only half that number.
Ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Demographic Transition
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total popultaion
Epidemiologic transition
The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of demographic transition
Agricultural Density
The ratio of number of farmers to the total amount arable land (Land suitable for agriculture)
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under the age of 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
23) If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has...
a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available to live in.
13) Comparing the charts, maps, and other data on the world population growth in this chapter, one can deduce that after the Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago Earth's human population...
began to increase at a heretofore unprecedented rate, following millennia of near stagnation.
57) Stages 1 and 4 of the Demographic Transition are similar in that...
both have low growth rates.
67) The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on...
causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.
55) An analysis of the charts and/or demographic history in this chapter indicates that during the Industrial Revolution two hundred years ago, the global population...
continued to increase despite fluctuations in individual countries.
25) The fertility rate based on the number of live births per 1,000 residents is the...
crude birth rate.
30) The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the...
crude birth rate.
37) It may sound strange to hear that the ________ is generally lower for less developed countries than for more developed countries, but the difference is correlated to the average age of each population.
crude death rate
59) Judging by the demographic patterns of recent years, we can surmise that the principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is...
declining crude birth rates.
18) We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it...
decreased the amount of agricultural land
42) Country A has approximately 100,000 children between the ages of 0 and 14, although it has a high infant mortality rate. It also has 202,000 elderly people who have retired from work, although most continue to live in multi-generational households with their children and grandchildren. Country A also has 310,000 people who can participate in the workforce. We can use these data to calculate that the...
dependency ratio is about 50 percent.
26) When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as...
doubling time.
6) The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the...
ecumene.
41) Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by...
encouraging women and older people to work.
69) The term ________ refers to the control of diseases.
epidemiology
38) We can hypothesize with some confidence that Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica...
has a lower percentage of elderly people.
58) More of the "why" questions of demographics can be addressed with data focusing on...
health.
12) Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in Latin America.
high elevations
52) Leading approaches to reducing birth rates emphasize the long-term benefits of...
improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment.
66) Dr. John Snow found that cholera cases in London were...
spatially associated with certain public wells.
46) One demographic feature with the most significant future implications is that...
the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries.
60) Evaluating the charts on world population growth in this chapter, we can deduce that...
the natural increase rate has been correlated to the growth in global population, and both have increased greatly in the last century.
44) A European country's population pyramid would drastically change shape if it began to resemble...
the population pyramid of Nigeria.
62) Thomas Malthus concluded that...
the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies.
24) The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is...
total fertility rate.