ch20

Spain

--Despite lacking natural resources, silver helped it become enormously powerful and control much of the Americas. --used its silver wealth to fight endless religious wars

market society

-Atlantic Europe -India's cotton districts -plantation zones of the Caribbean

commercial production existed only in pockets

-West Africa -Eastern Europe and Russia

contributed to the second commercial revolution

-regions increasingly specialized in specific products, such as tea or cotton -implementation of improved agricultural techniques -conquest of new lands

market society

Atlantic Europe -India's cotton districts -:plantation zones of the Caribbean

Which three commodities accounted for a significant portion of world trade during the early modern centuries?

Correct Answer(s) spices cotton silver

Fill in the blanks of the following passage describing the evidence historians use to explain how the expansion of the global economy benefitted different peoples and societies.

Human skeletons---British North America---malnourishment

Japan

Silver mines were monopolized by the state, and exploited convict labor.

not a feature of commercial global integration

Sugarcane must be processed to become crystals. -Sugar grows in tropical and subtropical latitudes.

Order the following regions according to the spread of the sugar plantation, earliest to most recent.

São Tomé, in the Gulf of Guinea northeast Brazil small islands in the Caribbean larger islands in the Caribbean

Despite the economic growth that took place between 1500 and 1800, most peasants and laborers saw a decline in their standard of living.

T

Technologies such as the patío process made important improvements in the silver mining industry as it became profitable to mine lower-grade silver ores.

T

What is the acronym "GWP" intended to measure?

the size of the world economy

In proportional terms, how many ships that left Portugal, on average, managed to make it back safely?

4/7

The first modern bank was originally located in which of the following places?

Amsterdam

Cotton grew well in several zones around the world in 1700, but India was the biggest producer. By the eighteenth century, India's cotton export was cheap enough to menace Europe's productions. As a result, some governments passed protectionist measures to prevent local fabric industries from bankruptcy. Identify the different public policies governments implemented.

Correct Answer(s) banning of imports tariffs on imported cotton

According to historians and archeologists, which of the following factors contributed to the declining average height of male adults between 1500 and 1800?

Correct Answer(s) protein deficit urbanization disease

Which of the following outcomes resulted from the growing commercial webs spanning the globe during this period?

Correct Answer(s) surge of joint-stock companies growth of large-scale plantations rise of long-distance trade emergence of modern banks

In general terms, beginning in the sixteenth century, those who lived in areas of the world trending toward a market society—such as China and Atlantic Europe—were better off than people elsewhere.

F

The expansion of the global commercial web left virtually no space for small business partnerships or family-run companies to survive.

F

With the growth of the first global economy the lives of most ordinary people finally changed. Peasants frequently ventured far from home, used money daily, and traded goods rather than farming for a living.

F

After 1492, Atlantic European states and societies grew in wealth and power in comparison to others in the world. Which of the following statements explains this shift?

Incorrect Answer(s) -Relentless wars in Asia undermined the continent's influence. -The Catholic Church's wealth subsidized the growth of European trade.

One of the global markets that most rewarded one's knowledge was cotton, since many variables played key roles in its production and commercialization. Which of the following statements provide evidence to support this claim?

Incorrect Answer(s) Consumer preferences remained remarkably consistent over time.

the creation of fractional reserve banking

banks wanted to extend credit by lending more money than they held

the founding of modern banks

businesses needed help financing their operations by borrowing money

Laborers' incomes slipped less than elsewhere, and even climbed a bit in the seventeenth century, before falling again in the eighteenth.

cities in Europe such as London and Amsterdam

Incomes began a long slide in the late-fifteenth century, and bottomed out by the late eighteenth century.

cities in Southwest and East Asia such as Delhi and Beijing

banks lobbied for government monopoly rights on printing bank notes

customers were skeptical of paper money

This following table depicts the changing average male heights in samples from northern Europe from the ninth century to the eighteenth century. Study the information in this table. What is the biggest change in height in consecutive data points, and when did the it occur?

decrease by 4 centimeters, between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries

Demand for silver worldwide increased by the mid-sixteenth century. This was partly in response to the demand coming from two specific regions. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statement.

india---tax payment---atlantic

Complete the paragraph below describing the profitability of the sugar industry.

large-scale----cheap---monoculture

did not contribute to the second commercial revolution

silver mining processes became more efficient

Complete the following passage about global economic changes after around 1500.

southwest asia---atlantic europe---trade

Identify the different factors that contributed most to world's population surge between the years 1500 and 1800.

Correct Answer(s) --high fertility rates and falling mortality rates --improvements in agricultural products and food supply --spread of pathogens around the globe resulting in greater resistance

One of the global markets that most rewarded one's knowledge was cotton, since many variables played key roles in its production and commercialization. Which of the following statements provide evidence to support this claim?

Correct Answer(s) -Dyes and printing methods produced a set of patterns and colors. -Weaving and spinning techniques affected the cost and quality of cloths. -Different varieties of plants produced different fiber quality.

Which of the following statements correctly characterize the connection of the Americas to the growing global commercial web by 1800?

Correct Answer(s) -Even small-farming districts took part in transatlantic trade. -Amerindian peoples participated in market economies.

One of the best examples for illustrating how chartered joint-stock companies functioned is provided by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Which of the following statements describe how it functioned?

Correct Answer(s) -It built multiple fortified ports. -Its most lucrative trade was to buy Indian cloth and sell it for spices. -It chartered roughly 5,000 ships on trips to the Indian Ocean over almost 200 years.

Which of the following factors allowed Portugal to become a leader in the global spice trade by the beginning of the sixteenth century?

Correct Answer(s) -Portugal's naval superiority -Portugal's conquest of the port of Malacca -Portugal's superior market knowledge

Europe to the east of the Elbe River shifted toward a more commercial economy after 1500. Which of the following descriptions correctly characterize landowners in the region?

Correct Answer(s) -relied on the forced labor of serfs -established commercial networks in cities around the Baltic and in Atlantic Europe -developed big grain-producing estates

Jakob Fugger

He used his economic power to win political influence. -By financing the House of Habsburg, he controlled mines throughout their territory. -Recognizing the potential in ores trade, he shifted the family business from textiles to mining.

Virji Vora

His business strategy was to corner a market and then re-sell the supply on his own terms. -:He used his economic power to win political influence.

This chapter takes up global economic history in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Place the following developments that changed the course of world economic history into the correct chronological order.

Portugal enters the long-distance spice trade. Ming China requires citizens to pay taxes in silver. The Dutch East India Company is founded. The first modern bank is founded. Tacky's War takes place in Jamaica.