ch.22 respiratory system
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
voluntary cortical control
Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.
ERV + RV
Functional residual capacity
TV + IRV.-
Inspiratory capacity
the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
Inspiratory capacity is ________.
pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________.
diffusion
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
too little oxygen in the atmosphere
Possible causes of hypoxia include ________.
medulla and pons
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. A) humidifying the air before it enters
inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.
concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes
The erythrocyte (red blood cell) count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.
force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.
vital capacity
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
alveoli
The main site of gas exchange is the ________.
increase of carbon dioxide
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.
Boyle's law
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
Dalton's law
The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________.
secrete surfactant
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type ll cells II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.
exchanged during normal breathing
Tidal volume is air ________.
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Total lung capacity
TV + IRV + ERV.-
Vital capacity
the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid
Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?
partial pressure gradient
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?
assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs
Which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae?
alveolar surface tension
Which of the following determines lung compliance?
rising blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for breathing?
lung
Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in North America?
C-shaped cartilage rings
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles.
Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?
alveoli
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
Which statement about CO2 is FALSE?
decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.
