Ch.29 Seedless Plants
Choose the two major clades that comprise the green algae
- charophytes - chlorophytes
Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?
- diploid embryos - multicellular sporophytes - multicellular gametophytes
Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.
- less water availability in terrestrial environment - higher levels of UV light on land
Choose all features of the alga ancestor of land plants.
- lived in freshwater - photosynthetic
Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?
- the ability to photosynthesize - multicellular haploid and diploid generations - diploid embryos
Life cycle of a land plant
1. fertilization 2. meiosis 3. mitosis
Approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancestor?
1BYA
Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?
Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants.
Which of the following are involved in haploid gamete production in land plants?
Gametophyte Mitosis
Select all features of liverworts.
Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.
Diploid generation
Sporophyte
Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.
The presence of stomata for gas exchange The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces The presence of specialized water transporting tissues
A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is ______.
a cuticle on exposed surfaces
The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required Blank______.
better water loss management
Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes are characteristic of ______.
bryophytes
Compared to a haploid genome, a major advantage of a diploid genome is that ______.
each gene is backed up by a second copy
What did land plants evolve from?
freshwater green algae
In plants, the gametophyte produces _______ and the sporophyte produces __________
gametes spores
Haploid generation
gametophyte
A typical land plant has a(n) _____ life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.
haplodiplontic
Land plants are protected against mutations due to higher UV exposure by _____.
having a dominant diploid generation
The most common type of liverwort is ______.
leafy
In humans, gametes such as sperm and eggs are formed by the cellular process of __________ whereas land plants produce gametes by the process of ________
meiosis mitosis
Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward ______.
more embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte
Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have ______.
multicellular haploid and diploid stages
In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is _____.
photosynthetic and free living
Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?
sperm and eggs
The charophytes and all land plants are collectively referred to as
streptophytes
Because water availability was a limiting factor for the growth of early terrestrial plant life, such plants likely had the ability to ______.
tolerate desiccation