Ch.29 Seedless Plants

Choose the two major clades that comprise the green algae

- charophytes - chlorophytes

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

- diploid embryos - multicellular sporophytes - multicellular gametophytes

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

- less water availability in terrestrial environment - higher levels of UV light on land

Choose all features of the alga ancestor of land plants.

- lived in freshwater - photosynthetic

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

- the ability to photosynthesize - multicellular haploid and diploid generations - diploid embryos

Life cycle of a land plant

1. fertilization 2. meiosis 3. mitosis

Approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancestor?

1BYA

Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?

Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants.

Which of the following are involved in haploid gamete production in land plants?

Gametophyte Mitosis

Select all features of liverworts.

Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.

Diploid generation

Sporophyte

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

The presence of stomata for gas exchange The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces The presence of specialized water transporting tissues

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is ______.

a cuticle on exposed surfaces

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required Blank______.

better water loss management

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes are characteristic of ______.

bryophytes

Compared to a haploid genome, a major advantage of a diploid genome is that ______.

each gene is backed up by a second copy

What did land plants evolve from?

freshwater green algae

In plants, the gametophyte produces _______ and the sporophyte produces __________

gametes spores

Haploid generation

gametophyte

A typical land plant has a(n) _____ life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

haplodiplontic

Land plants are protected against mutations due to higher UV exposure by _____.

having a dominant diploid generation

The most common type of liverwort is ______.

leafy

In humans, gametes such as sperm and eggs are formed by the cellular process of __________ whereas land plants produce gametes by the process of ________

meiosis mitosis

Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward ______.

more embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have ______.

multicellular haploid and diploid stages

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is _____.

photosynthetic and free living

Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?

sperm and eggs

The charophytes and all land plants are collectively referred to as

streptophytes

Because water availability was a limiting factor for the growth of early terrestrial plant life, such plants likely had the ability to ______.

tolerate desiccation