ch.3 newborn and infant growth and development
An infant should be able to perform a pincer grasp by _____
10 months
The infant should be able to move from prone to sitting position by ____
10 months
newborns lose ___% of body weight during the first week of life, then gain about 30g per day and regain their birth weight by 10-14 days of age
10%
An infant should be able to remove objects from a container by ___
11 months
An infant should be able to walk with assistance by ___
11 months
An infant should be able to walk alone by ___
12 months
By ____ months, an infant should be able to say 2-3 words WITH meaning
12 months
If a baby is formula fed, you should continue to give formula until ___
12 months (NO COW'S MILK)
The anterior fontanel closes at ____ The posterior fontanel closes at _____
12-18 months 2-3 months
normal pulse rate newborn:
120-140
An infant should be able to build a tower of 4 blocks by ____
18 months
Head lagging should begin to subside by ____
2 months
an child should be able to build a tower of 6-7 blocks by ___
2 years
The ability to grasp objects begins by _____
2-3 months
average length of newborn:
20 inches.
RR 12 month old:
20-30
a child should be able to build a tower of 9-10 blocks by ___
3 years
what age can a child ride a tricycle?
3 years
RR newborn:
30-60
the infant should be able to roll over from back to belly by ____
4 months
An infant doubles their birth weight by ____ and triples their birth weight by _____
4 months 1 year
at what age does the infant make simple vowel sounds, laughs aloud, and "makes raspberries"?
4-5 months
No infant/child should have more than _____ oz. of juice a day
4-6
The infant should be able to roll over from belly to back and back to belly again by ____
5 months
by 12 months of age, the infant's length increases by ________%
50%
Juice should not be given to an infant until ____
6 months
when does squealing and yelling begin?
6 months
What is the normal age for crawling (commando crawling with belly on the floor)?
6-7 months
An infant should have _____ to _____ teeth by the end of the first year
6-8
when do teeth begin to emerge?
6-8 months
What is a normal BP for an newborn? 12 month old?
60/40: newborn 100/50: 12 mos
An infant should be able to transfer objects by ____
7 months
An infant should have developed object permanence by age ____
7 months
The infant should be able to sit by ___
7 months
at what age does babbling begin to progress to strings of "mamamama" or "dadadada"?
7-10. no meaning
An infant doesn't have fully develops depth perception until 2-3 years, but they begin to develop it around ____ , when the _______ reflex is initiated.
7-9 months parachute
An infant can sit unsupported by ____
8 months
Stranger anxiety is common around ___
8 months
What is the normal creeping age (crawling without belly on floor)?
9 months
Words begin to hold meaning by ___
9-12. "mama" and "dada" have meaning now
When can baby food be introduced?
After 6 months
Why does an infant drool?
Because they are unable to keep up with the saliva production by swallowing
Why is an infant only breastfed/bottle fed?
Because they lack the enzymes to digest food until 4-6 months old
What toy is best for a 6 month old? Why?
Blocks They are interactive
What should be the first food introduced around 4-6 months?
Iron fortified rice cereal. it's easily digested and the taste is well accepted.
What are pros of a pacifier?
It calms the child It can be taken away when the time is right It can decrease the risk for SIDS
Does teething normally cause fever, diarrhea, or vomiting?
NO, the child is sick
Infants do not need foot wear until ____
They are walking
If an infant does not develop trust within the first few months of life, what will happen?
They will grow up with a basic sense of mistrust
For the first 6 months, infants lack the ability to concentrate urine. What does this mean?
They will urinate frequently, and the specific gravity will be very low
Why should only one new food be introduced per week?
To evaluate the child's allergy response to that food
How should a parent clean their infant's teeth?
Wash the teeth with a cool wet washcloth
Is an infant's hearing as developed as an adult?
YES
Is it normal for an infant to sometimes have an irregular heartrate?
YES
Should you always put the baby to bed awake?
YES
If a child is still experiencing head lag by 6 months what should be done?
a neurological assessment
maturation
an increase in functionality of various body systems or developmental skills
Reactive attachment disorder develops due to ____
an infant never developing a basic sense of trust, and are unable to attach to a specific person (manipulating everyone to get needs met)
when should weaning from the bottle occur?
at 12-15 months. AAP recommends BREASTFEEDING for 12 months, and then for as long as mutually agreeable for mother and child - extending into toddlerhood is beneficial.
When should fluoride treatments begin?
at 6 months, when the primary teeth erupt
An infant should have the ability to open their hands (not stay tight fisted) by -
at least 5 months
What type of breather is an infant?
belly breather
What should be the only form of nutrition for the first 6 months of life?
breast milk (with vitamin D fortification) or formula
What can cause a diaper rash?
change in diet not changing a dirty diaper
The first form of communication an infant uses is
crying, cooing
In the first 3-4 months, what is the most important social activity for an infant?
food intake
An infant not pulling up to stand by 12 months is a sign of ____
hip dysplasia
Separation anxiety develop around ___
last few months of infancy
encouraging iron intake:
limit milk intake to 16oz/day encourage parents to provide iron-fortified cereals and other foods rich in iron/vitamin C
What is the last food type you should introduce to an infant?
meat
What are some treatments for a diaper rash?
mild soaps/unscented wipes dry the baby's bottom before putting a new diaper back on use barrier creams (zinc oxide) change diaper frequently keep a diaper rash exposed to air (keep a diaper off when you can)
protective reflexes:
neck righting and parachute reactions.
How can you prevent dental carries in an infant?
not propping bottles not laying an infant down with a bottle not putting juice in a bottle
What are some foods that should NOT be given to a child under the age of 1?
peanut butter honey wheat products cows milk eggs citrus
An infant from 1-4 months is considered to be in the ___ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
primary circular reactions (Doing/liking the same thing over and over)
At 7 months, an infant will interact by?
reach out / grasping
An infant from birth to 1 month is considered to be in the ____ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
reflex stage
An infant from 4-8 months is considered to be in the ___ stage of the sensorimotor phase?
secondary circular reactions (They realize certain actions illicit a certain response)
What is an infant's cognitive development phase?
sensorimotor
growth
simply an increase in physical size
What type of play do infants experience?
solitary play
development
the sequential process by which infants and children gain various skills and functions
assessing infant readiness for solid foods:
tongue extrusion reflex (important for sucking/natural reflex for bottle or breastfeeding) disappearing at 4-6 months.
What is the Erikson's stage for an infant?
trust vs mistrust
normal pulse rate 12 month old:
~100