ch.4 nutrisci

sugar free strawberry preserves, diet soft drinks, sugar free chewing gum

appropriate uses for aspartame

carbohydrate content ranked

baked potato(medium), fat free milk(1 cup), 1 egg (large)

high fructose corn syrup

because of its low cost, shelf stability, and desirable food properties, ______ is used in the manufacture of many processed foods, including soft drinks, condiments, and snack foods.

reduces constipation and transit time of feces

benefits of including insoluble fiber in your diet

Sucrose

carbohydrate that is considered the benchmark against all other sweeteners

Polysaccharides

carbohydrates containing many glucose units (10-1000) are called

Nutritive alternative

classes of sweeteners

insulin

decreases blood glucose levels

activities

dental caries

type 2 diabetes

diet, exercise, oral medication, and insulin are treatments for what?

limit added sugars and consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains

dietary guidelines urge Americans to

mouth and small intestine

digestion happens where in the body

Aspartame

equal or nutrasweet

cellulose, Amylose, amylopectin

examples of polysaccharides

Polysaccharides

fiber is considered a

maltose

glucose + glucose

apples, kidney beans, carrots

good sources of vicious fiber

it provides fewer calories and its bulk contributes to satiety

high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

Triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose

in metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?

Glucose

in the liver, galactose is transformed into ____, the most common monosaccharide.

Glucagon

increases blood glucose levels

in advanced stages

insulin injections required in type 2 diabetes

Protein

it is important to eat enough carbohydrates so the body doesn't use______ for energy

hypotension/hypoglycemia

low blood pressure

glucose

major monosaccharide found in body

lactose

milk and dairy are major food products of what disaccharide?

calcium and fiber

milk provides

active

monosaccharides follow a _____absorption process

immune; insulin; pancreas

most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an ____ system disorder, which causes destruction of the _____-producing cells in the_____.

Glucose

most fructose in the diet is converted to____ (monosaccharide) in the liver

digestion process

mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, excreted

sucrose

natural sugars (ex: sugar beets and maple syrup)

maltose

or malt sugar has two glucose molecules bonded together

endosperm, bran, germ

parts of a whole grain

Provide the body with energy

primary function of carbohydrates

physical inactivity, obesity, and poor diet

risk factors for type 2 diabetes

frequent urination and extreme thirst

signs of diabetes

soluble fiber

slows the body's absorption of glucose, binding cholesterol-containing compounds in the intestines

added sugars and calories

soft drinks and dairy desserts are major sources of

pectins, gums, mucilages

soluble fiber examples

Amlyose

straight chain of glucose units; makes up of 20% of digestible starch

cellulose

straight chain polysaccharides made of glucose molecules

glucose and fructose

sucrose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides

Sorbitol

sugar alcohol example

don't promote dental caries, slowly metabolized than sugar, provide fewer calories than sugar

sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they...

dental caries

sugar in the diet causes a risk of

False

t/f sugar in the diet affects children behavior

Glycogen

the advantage of the branched structure of _____ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly.

sucralose

the artificial sweetener____is useful in baking because it resists destruction by heat

6.5%

the threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than

inadequate insulin production

type 1 diabetes results from

physical activity, diet, and moderate weight loss

type 2 diabetes managed by

ketosis

what is it called where ketones don't break down completely

whole and cut-up

what types of fruit are great for fiber

small intestine

where is lactase produced

whole grains, fruits, vegetables

which are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet Als

Saccharin

which artificial sweetener was once believed to cause Blatter cancer

Carbohydrates

which macronutrients provide 4 kcal per gram

grains

which my plate foods contain foods with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin?

adds bulk, substance found in plants, complex carbohydrate

which of the following statements about fiber are true?

fat

without carbohydrates, ____ doesn't break down completely

amino

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ______ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

amylopectin; amylose

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ____ is digested more rapidly than ____

honey, molasses, sugar

Identify names of sugars that may be found in foods

provide adequate glucose for the brain & nervous system

The RDA of 130 grams per day of carbs is set to:

38 g

What is Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?

126 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood

What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?

fructose, glucose, galactose

Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?

abdominal pain

Which of the following are symptoms associated with diverticulitis?

45% to 65%

according to the food and nutrition board, carbohydrates should provide what % of calories in the diet

-meals with a mixture of macronutrients -smaller & more frequent meals

Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating:

prediabetic

Someone with a...blood glucose from 100-125 mg/dl and HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4T%

secondary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

-red & orange veggies -dark green veggies -starchy veggies -beans & peas

The five subgroups that veggies are organized include:

glucose and glycogen

The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood is used for immediate energy is called____ . This can be stored in the liver or muscle for alter use in the form of _____.

starch

a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

Dextrose

another name for glucose

hypertension/hyperglycemia

high blood pressure

ion imbalances, coma, dehydration

high level of ketones lead to

amylopectin

highly branched starch

fructose and glucose

honey contains

dietary fiber

how is non starch listed on food labels

calcium, potassium, vitamin d, protein

key nutrients provided by dairy products

they do not cause sudden increases in blood glucose levels and they do not contribute to tooth decay and provide fewer calories than sugar

sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they

Neotame, aspartame, sucralose

sweetener used in baked goods

alternative sugars

sweetest sweetener

shakiness, sweating, hunger

symptoms of hypoglycemia

children and teenagers

who is at highest risk for consuming empty calories in place of nutrients essential for growth?

lactose intolerance

The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose

neotame

1.7000-13000 sweeter than table sugar 2. No amino acids are absorbed, therefore does not need to carry PKU warning 3. Stable in heat

50 grams

2000 kcal diet

lactose, sucrose, maltose

3 disaccharides

18

A serving from MyPlate fruit groups provides ___ grams of carbohydrates

5

A serving from MyPlate vegetable group provides ____ grams of carbohydrates

15

A serving from the grains category of MyPlate provides ___ grams of carbohydrates

It does not cause dental caries it is heat-stable and can be used in baking

Acesulfame-K is a useful alternative sweetener because

-include saccharin, aspartame & sucralose -sweeten foods while providing few or no calories

Alternative (or artificial) sweeteners: -include saccharin, aspartame & sucralose -can all be substituted, cup for cup, for sugar when baking foods -sweeten foods while providing few or no calories

gases, acids

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of

insoluble fiber (nonfermentable)

Fibers that aren't readily dissolved in water & not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are

insoluble fiber

Fibers that aren't readily dissolved in water & not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called:

omega 3 fat

Patients with metabolic syndrome may need to increase which type of fat?

cellulose

which types of dietary fiber are insoluble

sugar, sugar alcohol

which sweeteners provide significant calories

lactose intolerance

Chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in severe abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose

primary lactose maldigestion

Chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose.

Functional fiber has been added to foods for its beneficial health effects; dietary fiber is naturally present in foods

What is the difference between functional fiber and dietary fiber?

liver and muscles

Where is glycogen stored?

grains

Which MyPlate food group has the highest starch content?

Released directly into the bloodstream from use by organs Producing fat Producing glycogen

Which of the following are possible fates of carbohydrate once it has been absorbed?

jam, table sugar, fruit

Which three of the following contain the highest percentage of calories from carbohydrates?

maltose

____ is a disaccharide importnat in the formation of alcoholic beverages

fiber

a diet excessive in _____ decreases absorption

12

a serving from the dairy group from my plate includes _____ grams of carbohydrates

glucose and galactose

which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose

amylopectin and amylose

two components of starch

aspartame, saccharin, sucralose

types of alternative sweeteners

glucose

what does glycogen store

eggs, beef, butter

what foods contain essentially no carbohydrates

fluoride toothpaste, fluoridated water

what has contributed to fewer dental caries in North American children over the last 20 years

Carbohydrates

when bacteria in the mouth metabolize_____, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to cavities.

when overall calorie needs are exceeded

when is glucose most likely to produce fat

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

which guideline is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies

macronutrients in a meal, physical structure

which influence glycemic index

neotame, acesulfame-K, aspartame

which of the following nonnutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US

everything

which parts of the body can be damaged by uncontrolled diabetes

Stevia

which sweetener comes from a South American shrub