Ch.5 Infection Control and Safe Work Practices

The highest level of decontamination is:

Sterilization

Any implement used to puncture or break the skin, or that which comes into contact with pus or other bodily fluids must be decontaminated through:

Sterilization by steam autoclave and dry heat. Dispose of all sharps in a sharps container.

The process of decontamination may be achieved through:

Sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation

Explain the intent of the Right-to-know-Law.

The Right-to-Know Law requires that a Right-to-Know notice be posted in the work enviroment where toxin substances are present. Obtainable through your state Department of Labor. This notice advises the worker of specific rights under the Right-to-Know Law.

MSDS

(Material Safety Data Sheet) provides product information as compiled by the manufacturer.

To prepare a 1:1000 quat solution, the barber needs to mix:

1 1/4 ounces quat to one gallon of water

List nine decontamination safety precautions.

1. Purchase chemicals in small quantities and store them in a cool, dry, place as they can deteriorate when exposed to air, light, and heat. 2. Wear protective gloves, goggles, and aprons when mixing chemicals. 3. Carefully weigh, measure, and pour chemicals. 4. Keep all containers labeled, covered, and under lock and key. 5. Do not smell chemicals or solutions. Some have pungent odors and can irritate the nasal membranes. 6. Avoid spilling chemicals when diluting them. 7. Prevent burns by using forcepsto insert or remove objects from heat sources. 8. Keep a complete first-aid kit on hand. 9. Maintain a complete MSDS record of all chemicals and products used in the barbershop.

List 11 safety-precaution areas that barbers should be aware of in the barbershop.

1. Water: If the water temperature reaches a scalding level while in the hot position, turn the thermostat down on the hot-water tank to a more acceptable temperature for application to the skin, scalp, and hair. 2. Electricity: Schedule annual safety and operational check-ups for wiring, hot-water tanks, air conditioners, and ventilation systems. 3. Tools and Appliances: Tools and equipment should be strategically placed so that the items are safely stored when not in use, yet accessible when needed. All tools and implements should be in good working condition, never subject yourself or your client to the risks of faulty or broken equipment. 4. Equipment and Fixtures: Keep all hydraulic chairs, headrests, shampoo chairs, heat lamps, and lighting fixtures in good working order. 5. Ventilation: Proper vetilation and air circulation are extremely important in today's shop or salon. Fumes from chemical applications and nail care products require sophisticated filtration units that cleanse and detoxify the air. Once installed, air-filtration filters should be changed or cleaned regularly. 6. Attire: Clothing should be comfortable and professional in appearance. Excessively baggy clothes can get in the way of your performance just as easily as tight clothing can restrict it. Shoes should have nonskid rubber soles with good support. 7. Children: Children are not to be left unattended. Do not allow children to play, climb, or spin on hydraulic chairs. Do not allow children to wander freely around the shop with access to workstations, storage areas, etc. When cutting a child's hair, try to anticipate their sudden moves. NEVER trust a young child to hold their head still while you approach their head area with shears or other tools. Hold their head gently but firmly and hold the hair between your fingers at a low elevation, cutting the hair on the inside of your palm, thereby putting the barrier of your fingers between the tool and the child's face. 8. Adult Clients: As barbers, many of the things we do to assure client comfort also fall under the category of safety precautions. Proper draping procedures, and chemical application methods ensure client safety and comfort from the standpoint of avoiding skin irritations, burns, wet or soild clothing, etc. Using good manners and performing common courtesies will also help you gain the reputation of being a safety conscious and courteous barber. 9. Exits: Exits should be well posted and identifiable. Check with your local building inspection office for codes and requirements. Employees should know where exits are located and how to evacuate the building quickly in case of fire or other emergencies. 10.Fire Extinguishers: Fire extinguishers should be placed where they are readily accessible. All employees should be instructed in fire extinguisher use. It is a law that fire extinguishers be checked periodically. Be guided ty the manufacturer's recommendations and state and local ordinances. 11. Chemicals: Request a MSDS from your suppliers and maintain an MSDS notebook.There is a correct way to dispose of chemicals such as hair color tints, chemical relaxers, bleach, etc. Contact your local hazardous-waste department or agency for disposal guidelines.Never mix cleaning products togeather-especially bleach and ammonia. Every solution should be properly labeled which includes spray bottles of water or any other substance that is not contained within its original packaging.

To be effective, the contact time needed for 99% isopropyl alcohol, 70% ethyl alcohol, and 10% sodium hypochlorite is:

10 minutes

For effective sanitation, the minimum strength of a quat solution used to sanitize implements is:

1:1000

The minimum effective disinfection strength of isopropyl alcohol is:

50%

The minimum effective disinfection strength of ethyl alcohol is:

70%

In a 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite, the percentage of water is:

90%

Explain the differences between solutes, solvents, and solutions.

A solution is the product resulting from the combining and dissolving of a solute in a solvent. The solute is the substance that is dissolved and the solvent is the liquid in which a solvent is dissolved.

Identify the two sanitizers most commonly used in barbershops.

A wet sanitizer which is a covered receptacle large enough to hold a disinfectant solution in which objects can be completely immersed, and Ultraviolet-ray sanitizers which are used to store disinfected tools and implements and keep them sanitary until ready for use.

Demonstrate proper decontamination procedures for surfaces.

Before and after each client, an EPA-registered, hospital-grade tuberculocidal disinfectant should be used on all work surfaces and equipment that come into contact with the client or the barber's tools. This includes: station counter-tops, barber chairs, headrests, shampoo bowls, etc.

Universal Precautions

CDC guidelines and controls that require employers and employees to assume that all human blood and specified human body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.

Antiseptics

Chemical agents that may kill, retard, or prevent the growth of bacteria; not classified as disinfectants.

Discuss the ways in which infectious materials may be transmitted in the barbershop.

Contagious diseases, skin infections, and blood poisoning can be caused by the transmission of infectious material from one individual to another or through the use of unsanitized combs, clippers, razors, shears, or other barbering tools and implements.

Demonstrate proper decontamination procedures for tools. .

Decontamination Procedures: Tools and Implements (Items that can be immersed in a disinfectant solution such as: combs, brushes, clipper guards, shears, razors, etc.): (1) Read manufacturer's directions for quats and mix accordingly. To mix a 1:1000 quat solution, add 1 1/4 oz. of quat solute to 1 gal. of water. (add the quats concentrate after filling the container with water to eliminate suds formation. (2) Remove hair from combs, brushes, etc. (3) Wash item(s) thoroughly with hot water and soap. (4) Rinse item(s) thoroughly and pat dry. (5) Completely immerse combs, brushes, etc into disinfectant solution. (immerse for 5-20 minutes. Check with state barber board and manufacturer's directions.) (6) Remove implements, rinse thoroughly, and dry with a clean towel. (7) Store item(s) in a dry cabinet sanitizer or UV sanitizer until needed.

List the steps used to disinfect implements and clippers, trimmers, or outliners

Disinfecting Implements: 1. Read manufacturer's directions for disinfectant solution and mix accordingly. 2. Remove hair from combs, brushes, etc. 3. Wash item(s) thoroughly with hot water and soap. 4. Rinse item(s) thoroughly and dry with a clean towel. 5. Place item(s) in wet sanitizer containing disinfectant solution immersing completely. 6. Disinfect for recommended time of 5-20 minutes (check with state barber board and manufacturer's directions). 7. Remove item(s) and rinse and dry thoroughly. 8. Store item(s) in a dry cabinet sanitizer or UV sanitizer. Disinfecting clippers and outliners: 1. Arrange all supplies, products, and tools on a clean, sanitized surface. 2. Pour blade wash into a glass, plastic, or disposable container wide enough to accomodate the width of the clipper blades to a depth of approximately 1/2 inch. 3. Remove hair particles from clipper blades with a stiff brush. 4. Submerge only the cutting teeth of the clipper blades into the blade wash and run until no hair particles are seen being dislodged from the blades. 5. Remove the clippers and wipe blades with a clean, dry towel. 6. Spray with a blade lubricant and/or spray clipper disinfectant; grease/oil clipper parts. 7. Store in a UV sanitizer until needed for use. 7

Nonporous tools and implements such as brushes, combs, razors, and clipper guards that have not come into contact with bodily fluids or blood must be decontaminated through:

Disinfection by complet immersion in an EPA-registered, hospital-grade bactericidal,pseudo-monacidal, fungicidal, and virucidal disinfectant for amount of tiem specified by the manufacturer.

Nonporous tools and implements such as brushes, combs, razors, and clipper guards that have come into contact with parasites such as head lice must be decontaminated through:

Disinfection by complete immersion in a Lysol solution of 2 tablespoons in 1 quart of water, for one hour.

Nonporous tools and implements such as brushes, combs, razors, and clipper guards that have come into contact with bodily fluids or blood must be decontaminated through:

Disinfection by complete immersion in an EPA-registered disinfectant with demonstrated efficacy against HIV-1/HBV or tuberculosis for amount of time specified by the manufacturer.

Electrotherapy tools must be decontaminated through:

Disinfection by sprayng or wiping with an EPA-registered, hospital-grade disinfectant specifically made for electrical equipment.

Explain what is meant by Universal Precautions.

Employers and employees are to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens. Precautions include: hand washing; protective equipment such as gloves and goggles; injury prevention; and the proper handling and disposal of sharp implements such as razor blades, and contaminated dressings or materials.

Demonstrate proper decontamination procedures for equipment.

The decontamination of electrical tools such as clippers and outliners requires a different approach than non-electric tools and implements. Hair particles and bacteria become trapped between and behind clipper blades, and most spray disinfectants alone are not sufficient for thorough disinfection. (1) Arrange all supplies, products, and tools on a clean, sanitized surface. (2) Pour blade wash into a glass, plastic, or disposable container wide enough to accomodate the width of the clipper blades to a depth of approximately 1/2 inch. (3) Remove hair particles from clipper blades with a stiff brush. (4) Submerge only the teeth of the clipper blades into blade wash. Run the blades in the solution until no hair particles are seen being dislodged from between the blades. (5) Wipe clipper blades with a clean, dry towel. (6) Spray clipper blades with a lubricant and/or spray clipper disinfectant. Grease/oil clipper parts as necessary. (7) Sanitize the conductor cord and store in a dry cabinet sanitizer or UV sanitizer until needed. (8) Follow these procedures before and after servicing each client. Note: Detachable clipper blades may be removed from the clipper, brushed clean, and immersed in blade wash for the recommended soaking time.

Define decontamination.

The removal of pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces is called decontamination.

List three levels of decontamination used for the prevention and control of pathogen transmittal.

The three main levels of decontamination are sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation.

Demonstrate proper decontamination procedures for implements with fine cutting edges or electrodes.

To disinfect implements with fine cutting edges or glass electrodes of high-frequency machines used for facial and scalp treatments , (1) Remove debris and particles (2) Immerse them in 70% to 90% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol for recommended immersion time of 10 minutes minimum. (3) Dry tools, and lubricate pivots or screws as needed. (4) Place into a UV sanitizer.

Identify the chemical decontamination agents most commonly used in barbershops.

In addition to hospital-level disinfectants, other chemicals commonly used in the barbershop include sodium hypochlorite (common household bleach), quaternary ammonium compounds (quats), phenols, alcohols, and prepared commercial products.

List the chemical decontamination agents most commonly used in barbershops.

In addition to hospital-level disinfectants, other chemicals commonly used in the barbershop include sodium hypochlorite (common household bleach), quaternary ammonium compounds (quats), phenols, alcohol, prepared commercial products.

Identify two ways in which infectious materials may be transmitted in the barbershop.

Infectious material may be transmitted from one individual to another or through the use of unsanitized tools and implements.

The responsilbility of product safety rests with the:

Manufacturer

List blood-spill disinfection procedures.

When blood-spill disinfection is required the proper steps for protecting the health and safety of both individuals are as follows: 1. When a cut is sustained by the client, stop the service immediately and inform the client. Next, wash your hands, apply gloves, clean the injured area, and follow steps 2-8. If you sustain a cut, stop the service, check the client for the possible transmission of blood, wash your hands, and follow steps 2-8 2. Apply antiseptic or styptic using a cotton swab. Do not contaminate the container. 3. Cover the injury with a Band-Aid or other appropriate dressing. Use a finger guard or gloves as necessary. 4. Disinfect the workstation as necessary. 5. Discard all disposable contaminated objects such as cotton, tissues, etc. by double-bagging. Use the appropriate biohazard sticker on a container for contaminated waste. Deposit sharp disposables in a sharp box. 6. When removing the gloves, peel one glove off from the wrist, allowing it to turn inside out and hold in the gloved hand. Use the exposed hand to grasp a section of the inside of the second glove. When peeling off the second glove, stretch it over and around the first glove. Promptly dispose of the gloves in the appropriate biohazard container. 7. Wash your hands with soap and warm water before returning to the service. 8. All tools and implements that have come into contact with blood or body fluids must be disinfected by complete immersion in an EPA registered, hospital-grade tuberculocidal disinfectant.

A wet sanitizer should contain:

a disinfectant solution

EPA-registered disinfectant

a product that has been approved by the Enviromental Protection Agency as an effective disinfectant against certain disease-producing organisms.

For effective disinfection, a quat solution requires:

a short contact time

Dry or Cabinet Sanitizer

airtight cabinet containing an active fumigant used to store sanitized tools and implements.

Occupational Safety and Health Act

an act that led to the creation of OSHA, which regulates and enforces health and safety standards in the workplace.

A 6% hydrogen peroxide solution may be used as a/an:

antiseptic

Wet sanitizer

any covered receptacle large enough to permit the immersion of tools and implements into a disinfectant solution.

Implements must be cleaned prior to immersion in a disinfectant solution to:

avoid solution contamination, comply with sanitation procedures, and comply with state board rules.

Barbers should wash their hands:

before and after serving each client

An example of moist-heat sanitizing is:

boiling water

The most effective sanitizing and disinfecting agents used to destroy pathogenic bacteria are:

chemical disinfectants

The sanitizing agents most often used in barbershops are:

chemical disinfectants

The sanitizing agent that sodium hypochlorite contains is:

chlorine

Before sanitizing any implement, it should be:

cleaned with soap and warm water

A dry sanitizer is most effective when it:

contains an active fumigant

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the barbershop act as:

contaminants

The function of commercially prepared products for use on clippers is to:

cool, disinfect, and/or lubricate

The removal of pathogens from tools and surfaces is known as:

decontamination

Define deontamination. List and explain the three levels of decontamination.

decontamination is the removal of pathogens, from tools, equipment, and surfaces. The three levels of decontamination are sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation.

Electrodes may be sanitized with:

disinfectant

Sharp metallic implements may be sanitized with:

disinfectant

Combs and brushes are best sanitized by immersion in a:

disinfectant solution

Chemical agents that are used to destroy most bacteria and some viruses are:

disinfectants

Quaternary ammonium compounds or quats are commonly used:

disinfectants

Hospital-grade tuberculocidal disinfectant

disinfectants that are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, tuberculosis, psuedomonas, HIV-1, and Hepatitis B and are registered with the EPA.

State barber boards and health departments require only:

disinfection and sanitation procedures

The process of thoroughly cleaning a tool or surface to its optimum level of decontamination in the barbershop is known as:

disinfection or sanitation

A disinfectant that contains the properties of a bactericide, fungicide, pseudomonacide, virucide, and tuberculociae is considered to be a/an:

hospital-level disinfectant

An example of an antiseptic is:

hydrogen peroxide

Keep clean towels:

in a clean, closed cabinet

Sanitized implements are best stored:

in a clean, closed container

Sanitation is the process of:

keeping objects clean and sanitary

Chemicals used in a barbershop should be:

properly labeled

An example of a chemical agent used in sanitization is:

quats

The first step to using a chemical solution is to:

read the directions

Right-to-know Law

requires employers to post notices where toxic substances are present in the workplace

Hazard Communication Rule

requires that chemical manufacturers and importers evaluate and identify possible health hazzards associated with their products.

Towels, linens, chair cloths, capes, etc. must be decontaminated through:

sanitation by laundering in hot water with detergent and bleach.

The barber's hands prior to and after each service must be decontaminated through:

sanitation by washing with liquid antibacterial soap and warm water.

Ultraviolet-ray sanitizer

sanitizer metal cabinets with ultraviolet lamps or bulbs used to store sanitized tools and implements.

Phenols are used to:

sanitizing implements

Disinfection

second-highest level of decontamination used on hard, nonporous materials.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA regulates and enforces safety and health in the workplace by:

setting safety standards

A "professional" product is a product:

sold only to industry professionals

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the result is a:

solution

A bulge in a plastic container most likely indicates:

that contents are under pressure

Public Sanitation

the application of measures used to promote public health and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Solvent

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

Safe work practices

the maintenance of sanitation standards and the application of safety precautions in the workplace enviroment.

Blood-spill disinfection

the procedures to follow when the barber or client sustains an injury that results in bleeding.

Sterilization

the process of rendering an object germ-free by destroying all living organisms on a surface.

Solution

the product created from combining and dissolving a solute in a solvent.

Decontamination

the removal of pathogens from tools, equipment, and surfaces.

Antiseptic are primarily used on:

the skin

Solute

the substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Sanitation

the third or lowest level of decontamination; means to significantly reduce the number of pathogens found on a surface.

The Right-to-Know law requires that a notice be posted in work enviroments where:

toxic substances are present

Electric sanitizers that use lamps or bulbs to keep sanitized tools sanitary are:

ultraviolet-ray cabinets

When a blood spill occurs, employ:

universal precautions

A covered receptacle containing a disinfectant solution is called a/an:

wet sanitizer

Product descriptions and improtant data including content, associated hazards, combustion levels, and storage requirements are provided by:

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Explain the purpose of an MSDS.

Material Safety Data Sheets provide vital information about products, ranging from ingredient content and associated hazards, to combustion levels and storage requirements. Barbershops and schools are required by law to maintain an MSDS for every product used on the premises.

Discuss Universal Precautions and your responsibilities as a professional barber.

OSHA sets the standards that must be used in the industry for dealing with bloodborne pathogens. The standard prescribes the use of Universal Precautions as the approach to infection control. Universal Precautions are a set of guidelines and controls, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that require employers and employees to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens. Precautions include: hand washing; protective equipment such as gloves and goggles; injury prevention; and the proper handling and disposal of sharp implements (such as razor blades) and contaminated dressings or materials.

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Countertops, shampoo bowls, sinks, floors, toilets, doorknobs, mirrors, etc. must be decontaminated through:

Sanitation by the use of EPA-registered, cleaning product designed for surfaces.