chap 11 social psychology
Which theorist called humans "the social animal"?
Aristotle
Collectivistic cultures tend to have
Collectivistic cultures tend to have
One national survey found that 86 percent of those who were unhappily married but who stayed in the marriage were mostly ______ with their marriages five years later.
"very" or "quite" happy
Kelly complains that Larry never shares anything truly personal about himself. She thinks he shows
a lack of self-disclosure.
According to the matching phenomenon, Jacqueline is more likely to get involved with someone who
has the same level of physical attractiveness.
The idea that pregnancy is metabolically costly and is a cost not born by men is an example of
minimum obligatory parental investment.
In contemporary terms, we refer to "the social animal" as a person's
need to belong.
the reward theory of attraction.
ostracism.
Which of the following theorists proposed the triangular theory of love?
Sternberg
Which of the following is considered to be the strongest predictor of whether or not people form friendships?
proximity
Which of the following theorists is a proponent of an evolutionary explanation of mating strategies?
David Buss
Attachment research initially conducted with infants has been applied to adults; the results show
adults who had secure attachments as babies are likely to have good, stable, trusting relationships as adults.
The type of love that is labeled as a deep affectionate attachment is
companionate love.
What term is used to describe the supposed effect of two people who are "opposites" of each other, being attracted to each other and "completing" each other?
complementarity
Nathan and Lakshmi meet for the first time in a psychology study in which they are asked to reveal information about themselves, taking turns. As each person decides to reveal increasingly personal information, the other person matches that level of intimacy. This tendency is called:
disclosure reciprocity.
In a relationship, if the only component that exists is commitment, then according to the triangular theory of love, this type of attraction is called
empty love.
Wanting to be with other people in long-term, close relationships is referred to as
having a need to belong.
Which of the following brain regions is a memory-related structure?
hippocampus
On his first day of class, Bill sits between two other men—Billy and Steven. Although he wouldn't say that he dislikes Steven, Bill feels like an instant friendship formed with Billy. Which of the following terms might best explain why Bill has such a disproportionate connection to Billy over Steven?
implicit egotism
With a knowing glance, Linda's grandmother motioned to Linda from across the table at a fancy restaurant, "Look at how that waiter ________________ himself in front of those people at the table for six, just to receive a big tip."
ingratiates
Which of the following is true?
intimacy + commitment + passion = consummate love
What is the mere-exposure effect?
liking someone or something you have encountered repeatedly
Companionate love is
long lasting and deep.
Companionate love is most common in
long-lasting relationships.
Kimmie, who is a cheerleader and was also this year's homecoming queen, is dating Josh, who is captain of the football team and who won an all-state wrestling championship last year. This cute couple exemplifies the
matching hypothesis.
The ______ demonstrates that familiarity increases liking.
mere-exposure effect
Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of love?
obsession
According to research summarized in the text, which of the following types of faces would be considered the most physically attractive, regardless of the culture of people judging it?
one that is a computer-generated "average" and is symmetrical
What is anticipatory liking?
the expectation that someone will be pleasant and compatible
Which of the following is not one of the four basic human needs that ostracism threatens?
the metaphor for death
The theory that we like people who reward us or with whom we associate positive events is referred to as
the reward theory of attraction.
The reward theory of attraction is
the theory that we like people who reward us or with whom we associate positive events.
The cooling of intense romantic love
can trigger a period of disillusionment.
How many adults have an avoidant attachment style?
1 in 5
According to a 2006 Pew survey, what percentage of people married or in long-term relationships met at work or school?
38
Which of the following statements about attachment patterns is true?
An attachment pattern is established in infancy and continues to function as a working model for relationships in adulthood.
______ is the theory that we like what we associate with ourselves.
Implicit egotism
Which of the following are the three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?
Intimacy, Passion, Commitment
Which of the following theorists studied what happens when our need to belong is thwarted by ostracism?
Kipling Williams
All of the following are predictors of marital success except
being wealthy.
Who are you most likely to marry?
a person who lives, works, or studies within walking distance
Which of the following brain regions is associated with emotions?
amygdala
Shunning, exile, and banishment are all examples of exclusion in which
an individual is physically removed from people.
Jamal and Sandra recently started dating. Sandra is consistently worried about what Jamal thinks of her, frequently gets jealous, and has low self-esteem. Which attachment style seems to best fit with Sandra's behaviors in the relationship?
anxious
Juan has had two relationships as an adult. His last girlfriend, Mandy, called him "needy and desperate." The more that Juan worried about their relationship, the more he wanted Mandy to reinforce her love for him and the more smothered she felt. Mandy started to pull away more as a result, leading Juan to panic more about losing the relationship. Juan's attachment style could be characterized as
anxious preoccupied attachment.
What is the first step in sexual motivation?
attraction
Blake comes off as a bit arrogant, and he tends to have a lot of one-night stands. He resists becoming too close to any potential romantic partners. Which attachment style seems to fit Blake best?
avoidant
Ostracism means
being excluded by others.
During a research study, participants were told that they "were likely to end up alone later in life." Those led to feel excluded became not only more likely to engage in self-defeating behaviors, such as underperforming on an aptitude test, but also less able to regulate their behavior. These destructive behaviors show the effects of
ostracism.
In the United States, 9 in 10 college-bound high school seniors use social networking sites, with most visiting once or more a day. This exemplifies
our need to belong.
What is fatuous love?
passion and commitment
According to Sternberg's theory, consummate love consists of
passion, intimacy, and commitment.
Couples who are absorbed in one another—gaze into each other's eyes longingly and would be devastated to lose their relationship—are most likely experiencing
passionate love.
Dr. Sroufe's research has looked at whether peers have greater influence than parents on attachment in some areas. His research indicates all of the following except
peers have a greater effect on the capacity for trust.
Tim feels he is investing more time and emotion in the relationship he has with Jane than she is investing. The term for this mindset is
perceived inequity.
The two-factor theory of emotion holds that
physical arousal accentuates romantic responses.
"What is beautiful is good" exemplifies the
physical-attractiveness stereotype.
Which of the following is not an indicator of passionate love?
reticence
Miguel and Rosalie just started dating. They feel physically attracted to each other, and they are starting to develop an emotional connection. This is an example of
romantic love.
Which of these techniques has been found to reduce the physical pain of ostracism?
sending electric charges to the brain
What is the physical-attractiveness stereotype?
the assumption that physically attractive people have other good qualities
