Chap 15

True or False: If someone who follows the teaching of Confucius mentions the word jen, they are referring to their sacred texts.

False

True or False: On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between different religions.

False

True or False: When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of Social Theology.

False

Durkheim 3 elements of religion

The three elements of religion are belief in the sacred, religious groups or cults, and ritual.

True or False: Marx and Freud saw the modernization of society as the downfall of religion that would lead to the secularization of society.

True

megachurch

a Christian church that has a very large congregation averaging more than 2,000 people who attend regular weekly services

denomination

a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state

monotheism

a religion based on belief in a single deity

polytheism

a religion based on belief in multiple deities

ecclesia

a religion that is considered the state religion

sect

a small, new offshoot of a denomination

religion

a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b. Emphasis on religion as providing social support c. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life d. None of the above

a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is: a. A structural functionalist b. A conflict theorist c. A symbolic interactionist d. A feminist

b. A conflict theorist

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society? a. Religion was the key to uniting the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. b. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class. c. Religion inspired the Proletariat to work harder while under the rule of the Bourgeoisie. d. Religion was something only the Bourgeoisie had time to contemplate.

b. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class.

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: a. evolution and natural selection b. capitalism c. determinism d. prejudice and discrimination

b. capitalism

religious rituals

behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular group

When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is: a. A faith that is not part of any larger category. b. A cult within the Christian faith. c. A sect within the Christian faith. d. An ecclesia within the Christian faith.

c. A sect within the Christian faith.

What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? a. Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. b. Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. c. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers. d. Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people.

c. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations b. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion d. there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a. the protestant work ethic b. conflict management c. liberation theology d. justice work

c. liberation theology

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: a. referred to as the Apocrypha b. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text c. shared by Christianity and Islam d. no longer part of the Torah

c. shared by Christianity and Islam

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? a. Catholic and Jewish b. Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians c. Scientology and Hare Krishna d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

cults

religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members and have a charismatic leader

established sects

sects that last but do not become denominations

religious beliefs

specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true

totemism

the belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings

atheism

the belief in no deities

religious experience

the conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"

animism

the religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world

liberation theology

the use of a church to promote social change via the political arena