Chap 15 Quiz
A tight heel cord forces the foot into dorsiflexion, making it more susceptible to a lateral ankle sprain.
False
Immediate first aid for acute compartment syndrome should include the application of a compression wrap.
False
Medial tibial stress syndrome, also known as shin splints, is usually attributed to an inflammation of the anterior tibialis muscle and extensor muscles of the toes.
False
Mild stretching of lateral ligaments with little loss of motion or function is characteristic of a second-degree ankle sprain.
False
Tendinitis of the peroneal tendons will generate pain just posterior to the medial malleolus.
False
The ankle joint is capable of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion.
False
The most common ankle injuries result from eversion forces.
False
The thickened distal end of the tibia forms the lateral malleolus.
False
Which of the following muscles plantar flexes the ankle?
Tibialis posterior
When treating an Achilles tendon strain, one should stretch the Achilles tendon complex aggressively and put a heel lift under the calcaneus to reduce the stress placed on the Achilles tendon.
True
The lateral compartment of the leg contains muscles that _____ the ankle.
evert
The term _____ refers to any type of pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.
"shin splints"
What are the steps of an ankle evaluation?
1. Get history 2. Observe the area 3. Palpation in the ankle area 4. Special test Ex) Bump test
Explain the management of the various types of compartment syndromes.
Acute compartment syndrome: immediate ice and elevation Acute extertional compartment syndrome: measure pressure via doctor and surgery to relieve pressure Chronic compartment syndrome: icing and stretching of the anterior compartment and Achilles. If conservative measures fail, fasciotomy may be needed.
What is the most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle?
Anterior talofibular
Neuromuscular control of the ankle specifically uses which type of exercise to assist in preventing ankle injuries?
Balance
What symptom is associated with stress fractures?
Complaints of pain that increases after activity stops
Which of the following is the mechanism of injury for an Achilles tendon rupture?
Dorsiflexion
The lateral malleolus is part of what bone?
Fibula
In the lower leg, there are how many separate compartments containing muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves?
Four
Which of the following is true of a grade 1 ankle sprain?
It involves mild stretching of ligamentous fibers.
Which of the following statements is true of chronic compartment syndrome?
It usually occurs during running and jumping activities.
_____ is associated with pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Describe the signs and symptoms of an Achilles tendon injury.
Pain, swelling, redness, temperature, sensitivity to touch.
What action at the ankle do the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles perform?
Plantarflexion
What are the signs and symptoms of a stress fracture in the lower leg?
Signs of Stress Fracture: Pain with activity that sometimes worsens when activity stops. Tibial stress fractures are usually in the middle of the shaft and the fibular stress fracture is usually in the distal part of the bone.
Eversion ankle sprains are associated with which of the following?
Tearing of the deltoid ligament
If an athlete steps into a hole and the ankle is forced into dorsiflexion, which ligament is usually involved?
The anterior tibiofibular
Why is the shin vulnerable to contusions?
The close proximity of the tibia to the surface of the skin
Grade 3 inversion ankle sprains are often associated with what trauma?
Total rupture of lateral ligaments
Achilles tendinitis is usually the result of repetitive stress and strain, which causes constant inflammation.
True
Eversion ankle sprains are less common than inversion ankle sprains.
True
Fibular fractures generally require much shorter periods for immobilization than tibial fractures.
True
Immediate first aid for acute compartment syndrome should include the application of ice and elevation.
True
In order for normal ankle motion to occur, you need at least 10 degrees of dorsiflexion.
True
Poorly applied tape does more harm than good.
True
Proper footwear can prevent some of the common ankle injuries.
True
Stress fractures in the tibia of a runner most commonly occurs in the middle of the shaft.
True
Tape that constricts soft tissue can cause serious injury by disrupting the biomechanics of the other joints in the foot.
True
The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the human body.
True
The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body.
True
The use of a wobble board to strengthen the ankle is a good preventative tool for the athlete.
True
A(n) _____ ankle sprain is most common and often results in injury to the lateral ligaments.
inversion
What motions occur at the subtalar joint?
inversion and eversion
Briefly discuss the mechanisms that cause inversion sprains, eversion sprains, and high ankle sprains.
nversion: Injuried in the inverted and plantarflexed position. The calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments are also likely to be injuried. Eversion: Usually involve an avulsion fracture of the tibia before the deltoid ligament tears. High ankle sprains: The interosseous membrane is torn with forced hyperdorsiflexion and external rotation of the foot. These structures are also injuried in conjunction with a severe sprain of the medial and lateral ligaments.