chap 19 hw questions

Which of the following traits support(s) advanced flight capabilities in modern birds? A. muscles that do not require oxygen B. absence of teeth, honeycombed bones, and acute sight C. presence of teeth and strong, solid bones D. vertebrae extending throughout tail

absence of teeth, honeycombed bones, and acute sight

A research team is interested in monitoring platypus nests to further study their population. Where would be best for the team to look? A. along riverbanks B. sandy ocean beaches C. bottom of shallow lakes D. rocky areas near marshes

along the riverbanks

The tuatara is a lizard-like reptile found only in New Zealand today, the last surviving lineage of a large group of reptiles that were contemporaries of the dinosaurs. Which of the following traits would you expect the tuatara to possess? A. endothermy B. amniotic egg and scaly skin C. absence of teeth D. feathers

amniotic egg and scaly skin

Tiktaalik is an example of a transitional form linking __________ to ancestral __________. A. aquatic mammals; land mammals B. fish; reptiles C. birds; reptiles D. amphibians; fish

amphibians; fish

Scientists have discovered about 20 species of extinct hominins, including several __________, a group that was relatively diverse from 4 to 2 million years ago. A. paranthropus B. neanderthals C. australopiths D. Homo

astralopiths

Hominins include ________ but not _________ A. humans; neanderthals B. orangutans; monkeys C. chimpanzees; orangutans D. australopiths; chimpanzees

australopiths; chimpanzees

Which hypothesis is supported by the characteristics of Lucy and other Australopithecus afarensis? A. all hominins are in the genus Homo B. bipedalism did not arise until the origin of Homo sapiens C. bipedalism arose very early in hominin evolution, prior to enlargement of the brain D. hominin evolution began with enlargement of the brain, leading eventually to bipedal walking because the hands were needed for other tasks

bipedalism arose very early in hominin evolution, prior to enlargement of the brain

Molecular evidence suggests that _____. A. chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas are more closely relate to humans than they are to orangutans or gibbons. B. although fossil evidence indicates the existence of a common ancestor, humans and other apes are very different on a molecular genetic level C. human and chimpanzee genomes have evolving separately for only about 2 million years D. chimpanzees and bonobos are more closely related to humans than they are to other apes. However, gorillas are more closely related to orangutans than they are to humans

chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas are more closely realted to humans than they are to orangutans or gibbons

A scientist discovers a new species of fossil tetrapod. The fossil consists only of a few scattered hard parts. Which trait would be most likely to allow the scientist to identify the unknown as a mammal? A. evidence of endothermy B. milk production C. hair D. differentiated teeth

differentiated teeth

Which of the following is true? A. The platypus is endemic to Australia, as that is the only country where it is found. B. The platypus has been extirpated from Australia, as it is now only found in New Zealand. C. The platypus is extinct in Australia, as it is no longer found in the wild. D. The platypus is endangered in Australia, as it is listed under that country's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.

the platypus is endemic to australia, as that is the only country where it is found

the greatest incidence of skin cancer (melanoma) would be expected to occur in A. people who are deficient in vitamin D and live near the equator B. people who are deficient in folate and live near the equator C. people who are deficient in folate and live near the poles D. people who are deficient in vitamin D and live near the poles

people who are deficient in folate and live near the equator

At higher latitudes, natural selection favored a reduction in skin pigmentation because __________. A. individuals lived long enough to develop skin cancer B. sources of folate were more scarce C. the risk of UV damage to folate was reduced D. better sources of calcium were available

the risk of UV damage to folate was reduced

Human skin color differences appear to be _______. A. an adaptation to differences in diet B. primarily a consequence of random genetic drift C. primarily an adaptation to latitudinal differences in the intensity of solar radiation D. a fundamental trait separating ancestral and derived races of human beings

primarily an adaptation to latitudinal differences in the intensity of solar radiation

which of the following is a tetrapod? check all that apply: A. reptile B. fish C. bird D. amphibian E. mammal

reptile, bird, amphibian, mammal

Which of the following species is most closely related to the platypus? A. the koala, a marsupial B. the kookaburra, a bird C. the river otter, a carnivore D. the echidna, a monotreme

the echidna, a monotreme

A biologist visited a fish market and found a fish she did not recognize. To place the unknown fish into a major group, she would need to look at __________. A. the structure and composition of the skeleton and the structure and arrangement of the fins. B. whether a lateral line system was present C. only the structure of the fins D. only the structure and composition of the skeleton

the structure and composition of the skeleton and the structure and arrangement of the fins

How did the great transition from fish to tetrapod occur? A. there was no transition. Fish and tetrapods have always existed as they are today B. the transition occurred in a few big steps, so there are very few intermediate forms C. the transition occurred gradually over time, so there are many intermediate forms D. the transition occurred in one big step, so there are no intermediate forms

the transition occured gradually over time, so there are many intermediate forms

Haikouichthys lanceolata is one of the oldest fossil chordates known. It shares with lampreys some specific features of the eye and eye muscles. From this, we can infer that Haikouichthys probably possessed _____. A. segmental muscles but no cranium B. vertebrae and jaws C. a cranium and vertebrae, but no jaws or paired fins D. a cranium but no vertebrae

a cranium and vertebrae, but no jaws or paired fins

Haikouichthys lanceolata is one of the oldest fossil chordates known. It shares with lampreys some specific features of the eye and eye muscles. From this, we can infer that Haikouichthys probably possessed _____. A. vertebrae and jaws B. segmental muscles but no cranium C. a cranium but no vertebrae D. a cranium and vertebrae, but no jaws or paired fins

a cranium and vertebrae, but no jaws or paired fins

Which of the following is correctly classified? A. lampreys are jawed vertebrates B. a lancelet is a vertebrate C. an amphibian is a jawed vertebrate with amitotic eggs D. a reptile is a tetrapod

a reptile is a tetrapod

The two distinguishing features of vertebrates are the presence of _____. A. segmentation and bilateral symmetry B. a gastrovascular cavity and nervous sytem C. a skull and backbone D. a post-anal tail and pharyngeal gil slits

a skull and backbone

the two distinguishing features of vertebrates are the presence of _________. A. a post anal tail and pharyngeal gill slits B. a skull and backbone C. a gastrovascular cavity and nervous system D. segmentation and bilateral symmetry

a skull and backbone

2 features of ray-finned fish NOT found in sharks are _______. A. a swim bladder and opercula B. a lateral line system and electro sensors on the head C. gills and a lateral line system D. muscular fins supported by stout bones and lungs

a swim bladder and opercula

Extant nonbird reptiles are __________, whereas birds are different in that they are __________. A. endothermic; ectothermic B. amniotes; not amniotic C. ectothermic; endothermic D. scaly; lacking in scales

ectothermic; endothermic

Which of these features of hominins evolved most recently? A. upright posture B. forward-facing eyes C. enlarged brain D. spinal column

enlarged brain

The development that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the _____. A. origin of jelly that maintains the moisture of egg strings and egg masses B. evolution of the amniotic egg C. formation of the placenta D. burial of eggs underground

evolution of the amniotic egg

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Homo floresiensis (nicknamed the Hobbit)? A. adult homo floresiensis were only about one meter tall B. fossil evidence indicates that homo floresiensis had a brain and foot structure comparable to modern humans C. homo floresiensis appears to have made and used stone tools D. fossil evidence of homo sloresiensis dates to between about 95,000 and 12,000 years ago

fossil evidence indicates that homo floresiensis had a brain and foot structure comparable to modern humans

which of the following is NOT a characterisitc of the reptile clade? A. less dependent upon water than amphibians B. possesses an amniotic egg C. gas exchange through moist skin over majority of body D. tetrapod

gas exchange through moist skin over majority of body

Which of the following statements regarding amphibians is false? A. poison glands are commonly present in amphibian skin B. caecilians are legless amphibians C. amphibians are tetrapods D. gas exchange in amphibians involves lungs and moist skin, but not gills

gass exhange in amphibians involves lungs and mosit skin, but not gills

The modern groups of apes include ________. A. old world monkeys and New world monkeys B. gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans C. lemurs and lorises D. tarsiers and gorillas

gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans

A horror movie features a giant man-eating cylindrical sea creature with a slashing tongue armed with toothlike structures. It attaches to victims and ties itself into a knot, then pushes the knot snugly against the victim for leverage. When attacked, it releases huge quantities of transparent slime. This monster is a giant _____. A. lobe finned fish B. lancelet C. hagfish D. lamprey

hagfish

the first hominin known to make tools is _______. A. homo erectus B. australopithecus afarensis C. homo sapiens D. homo habilis

homo habilis

Based on what is contributing to the decline in platypus numbers, which of the following would be best to help their population? A. making hunting of them illegal B. eliminating the market for their eggs C. cracking down on the illegal pet trade D. increasing protection and restoration for their habitat

increasing protection and restoration for their habitat

Humans and the slender loris share many traits that probably evolved in our early primate ancestors, including _____. All primates have this. A. an arboreal way of life B. opposable big toes C. opposable thumbs D. bipedalism (upright walking)

opposable thumbs

The first vertebrates to live on land were most likely derived from ancestral __________. A. lobe-finned fishes B. ray-finned fishes C. cartilaginous fish D. lampreys

lobe-finned fishes

The kangaroo is an example of _____ mammal. A. monotreme B. eutherian C. marsupial D. placental

marsupial

Scientists recently discovered a new fossil anthropoid in Spain. To determine whether this new species is an Old World monkey or an ape, the researchers would ________. A. look for forward facing eyes B. measure the forelimbs and compare to the hind limbs C. look for widely spaced nostrils D. measure the cranial capacity

measure the forelimbs and compare to the hind limbs

Which of the following traits tend(s) to tie amphibians to wet or moist habitats? A. tetrapod body form and lack of lungs B. small body size C. moist skin and soft, unprotected eggs laid in water D. the amniotic egg

moist skin and soft, unprotected eggs laid in water

the 2 major groups of arthropoids are ______. A. lemurs and apes B. monkeys and apes C. lemurs and lorises D. monkeys and tarsiers

monkeys and apes

Tiktaalik had a combination of fishlike and tetrapod-like characteristics. Which were the tetrapod-like characteristics? check all that apply: A. fins with fin rays B. a neck C. scales D. flat head with eyes on top E. interlocking ribs

neck, flat head with eyes on top, interlocking ribs

Which of the following statements is correct? A.Over the last decade, researchers have discovered over 1,200 newly described vertebrate species, but no new living primate species. B. New animal species are being reported almost daily from a variety of habitats around the world. C. Over the last decade, new species of insects, amphibians, and fish have been discovered, but no new species of mammals. D. Over the last decade, the only new animal species discovered were insects.

new animal species are being reported almost daily from a variety of habitats around the world

A scientist discovers a new species of fossil tetrapod. The fossil consists only of a few scattered hard parts. Which trait would be most likely to allow the scientist to identify the unknown as a mammal? A. old world monkey B. tarsier C. new world monkey D. ape

new world monkey

In 1997, scientists discovered a new species of primate, only 10 cm long, with widely spaced nostrils that open outward and a long prehensile tail. This animal would be an ______. A. old world monkey B. ape C. new world monkey D. tarsier

new world monkey

All mammals ______. A. complete their embryonic development in the uterus B. nourish their offspring through mammary glands C. are ectothermic D. bear live young

nourish their offspring through mammary glands

Recently, an international team of scientists discovered a new and endangered gibbon species in a South-Asian jungle. What is typical about this find? A. most new animal species discovered over the last decade have been in South asia B. discovery of new ape species is becoming so commonplace that this discovery would not be a suprise C. often newly discovered animals species are listed as endangered soon after they are discovered D. most of the new mammalian species discvoered over the last decade have been primate

often newly discovered animal species are listed as endangered soon after they are discovered

Which best describes current evidence and ideas about the evolution of the first tetrapods? The picture below represents an early tetrapod. A. there is a big gap between the first amphibian and the most similar lobe-finned fish. The first tetrapod may have benefited from the ability to walk between waterholes, find terrestrial prey, or raise its head out of the stagnant water to breathe. B. there is an increasingly complete series of transitional fossils joining lobe-finned fishes to fully terrestrial tetrapods. Currently, it appears that the first tetrapods devloped limbs as a means of locomotion on land. C. there is an increasingly complete series of transitional fossils joining lobe-finned fishes to fully terrestrial tetrapods. Currently, it appears that the first tetrapods were fish that lived in shallow water and used their limbs to lift themselves out of the water and gulp air. D. there is a big gap between the first real amphibian and the most similar lobe-finned fish. But it seems reasonable to speculate that tetrapod evolution began with a lobe-finned fish that could crawl over land to reach waterholes in shrinking wetlands

there is an increasingly complete series of transitional fossils joining lobe-finned fishes to fully terrestrial tetrapods. Currently, it appears that the first tetrapods were fish that lived in shallow water and used their limbs to lift themselves out of the water and gulp air.

Based on current fossil evidence, feathers first appeared in __________ and may have first functioned in __________. A. true birds; flight B. theropod dinosaurs; flight C. theropod dinosaurs; insulation or courtship displays D. true birds; insulation or courtship displays

theropod dinosaurs; insulation or courtship displays

How do lampreys and hagfishes differ from all other extant vertebrates A. they lack jaws B. they do not have a lung or lung derivative such as the swim bladder C. they do not have pharyngeal gill slits at any stage of development D. they have an endoskeleton

they lack jaws

what kind of habitat did tikaalik live in? A. tikaalik lived on dry, rocky slopes B. tikaalik lived in cold, artic tundra C. tikaalik lived in a warm, freshwater swamp D. tikaalik lived in a shallow, marine environment

tikaalik lived in a warm, freshwater swamp

What is a transitional fossil? A. A transitional fossil is in the middle of a direct lineage stretching from ancient forms to organisms alive today. B. Transitional fossils have features that are intermediate between ancestors and descendants. C. Transitional fossils only existed for a short period of time. D. Transitional fossils were poorly adapted to their environments.

transitional fossils have features that are intermediate between ancestors and descendants

Most amphibians have two key characteristics that tie them to water or at least damp habitats. What are they? A. the operculum and the caecilian B. the lateral line system and electrosensors on the head C. use of skin for gas exchange and external fertilization. D. the placenta and the amniotic membrane

use of skin for gas exchange and external fertilization

Most amphibians have two key characteristics that tie them to water or at least damp habitats. What are they? A. use of skin for gas exchange and external fertilization B. the operculum and the caecilian C. the lateral line system and electro sensors on the head D. the placenta and the amniotic membrane

use of skin for gas exchange and external fertilization

If you were to observe a monkey in a zoo, which characteristic would clearly indicate a New World origin for that monkey species? A. an opposable thumb B. use of the tail to hang from a tree limb C. forward-facing eyes D. sensitive fingers

use of the tail to hang from a tree limb

If Tamielle Brunt's study of platypus DNA is successful, which of the following would she need to continue sampling to further her research? A. soil samples from tropical areas B. water samples C. soil samples from temperate areas D. soil samples from arid areas

water samples

Ancient human migrations can be better understood by analyzing genetic characteristics of modern populations; elements transmitted exclusively through maternal lines and elements transmitted exclusively through paternal lines are particularly useful. In humans, __________ are exclusively paternally inherited, and __________ are exclusively maternally inherited. A. spermatozao, cilia B. autosomes, sex chromosomes C. flagella, X chromosomes D. y chromosomes, mitochondria

y chromosomes, mitochondria

Considering the adaptive nature of human skin color differences, what kinds of health problems might you expect in modern humans? A. you might predict folate deficiency in dark-skinned africans that move to Norway B. you might expect vitamin D deficinecy in light skinned europeans that move to the tropics C. you might predict vitamin D deficiency in dark skinned africans that move to norway D. you might expect vitamin deficiency in light skinned europeans that remain in europe

you might predict vitamin D deficiency in dark skinned africans that move to norway