chap 2 bio 106

The energy that is required to carry out biological synthesis is provided by

exergonic reactions carried out on food molecules.

Chemical reactions that release energy are

exergonic.

ATP and related molecules are high-energy because they carry

high-energy bonds.

A cook adds vinegar (acetic acid) to a marinade. As a result,

hydrogen ion concentration increases and pH decreases.

Decomposition reactions

result in products smaller than reactants

Chloride (Cl-) is a(n)

ion.

A researcher is studying enzyme activity. Unfortunately, during a power outage, the enzyme overheats. Which statement is NOT likely to be true of the enzyme?

It has alterations to primary structure.

Assume that K+, H+, Na+, Br-, and Cl- are all available for bonding. Which combination is NOT a possible ionic interaction?

KNa

NaCl is a(n)

compound

Elements found within the body at amounts lower than 0.0002 percent are called

trace elements.

Adding electrons to an atom

turns it into an anion

Water composes ________ percent of the human body, by weight.

66

The structure that consists of one phosphate bonded to an adenosine is called

AMP

Assume that K+, H+, Na+, Br-, and Cl- are all available for bonding. Which combination is a possible ionic interaction?

HCL

Which of the following statements about pure water is FALSE?

Pure water contains ionic bonds.

Ion excretion is primarily controlled by the ________ system.

Urinary

Organic compounds

always contain both C and H.

An element is defined as a pure substance consisting only of

atoms of the same atomic number.

Atoms are electrically neutral

because the number of protons and electrons are equal.

A chemical entity that contains at least two different elements bonded together is a(n)

compound

Chemical reactions in your digestive tract break down large food fragments into smaller, absorbable fragments. What type of chemical reaction is this?

decomposition

The term electrolyte refers to the group of chemicals that

dissolve and dissociate in water

Synthesis of new, large biological molecules in the body

is endergonic

The high heat capacity of water

is responsible for thermal inertia

Enzymes are substances that can promote chemical reactions because they can

lower activation energy.

The structure that acts as an effective barrier between two aqueous solutions is a

membrane

A major component of the cell membrane is

phospholipids

Water is a(n)

polar covalent molecule

The starting substances in a chemical reaction are called

reactants

A structural component of cell membranes is a(n)

steroid

The reactants in biological chemical reactions are called

substrates

Whole blood is considered a(n)

suspension