chap 2 bio 106
The energy that is required to carry out biological synthesis is provided by
exergonic reactions carried out on food molecules.
Chemical reactions that release energy are
exergonic.
ATP and related molecules are high-energy because they carry
high-energy bonds.
A cook adds vinegar (acetic acid) to a marinade. As a result,
hydrogen ion concentration increases and pH decreases.
Decomposition reactions
result in products smaller than reactants
Chloride (Cl-) is a(n)
ion.
A researcher is studying enzyme activity. Unfortunately, during a power outage, the enzyme overheats. Which statement is NOT likely to be true of the enzyme?
It has alterations to primary structure.
Assume that K+, H+, Na+, Br-, and Cl- are all available for bonding. Which combination is NOT a possible ionic interaction?
KNa
NaCl is a(n)
compound
Elements found within the body at amounts lower than 0.0002 percent are called
trace elements.
Adding electrons to an atom
turns it into an anion
Water composes ________ percent of the human body, by weight.
66
The structure that consists of one phosphate bonded to an adenosine is called
AMP
Assume that K+, H+, Na+, Br-, and Cl- are all available for bonding. Which combination is a possible ionic interaction?
HCL
Which of the following statements about pure water is FALSE?
Pure water contains ionic bonds.
Ion excretion is primarily controlled by the ________ system.
Urinary
Organic compounds
always contain both C and H.
An element is defined as a pure substance consisting only of
atoms of the same atomic number.
Atoms are electrically neutral
because the number of protons and electrons are equal.
A chemical entity that contains at least two different elements bonded together is a(n)
compound
Chemical reactions in your digestive tract break down large food fragments into smaller, absorbable fragments. What type of chemical reaction is this?
decomposition
The term electrolyte refers to the group of chemicals that
dissolve and dissociate in water
Synthesis of new, large biological molecules in the body
is endergonic
The high heat capacity of water
is responsible for thermal inertia
Enzymes are substances that can promote chemical reactions because they can
lower activation energy.
The structure that acts as an effective barrier between two aqueous solutions is a
membrane
A major component of the cell membrane is
phospholipids
Water is a(n)
polar covalent molecule
The starting substances in a chemical reaction are called
reactants
A structural component of cell membranes is a(n)
steroid
The reactants in biological chemical reactions are called
substrates
Whole blood is considered a(n)
suspension