DHN 101 Chapter 6

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provide energy

In the body, certain lipids ________. are used to make minerals stimulate the production of enzymes provide energy are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber

provide energy

In the body, certain lipids ________. provide energy are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulate the production of enzymes are used to make minerals

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid? It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain. It contains three consecutive carbon-carbon double bonds within the carbon chain. It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the acid end of the carbon chain.

Corn oil

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? Corn oil Ground beef Whole milk Raw carrots

Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone.

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone. Lipids dissolve in water-based substances, such as vinegar. Oil is more dense than water such that it floats to the bottom when oil and water are mixed. Most lipids are hydrophilic.

lipids

The class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols is called _____

pancreatic lipase

The digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule is called ____ bile acid pancreatic lipase phospholipid lipase lingual lipase

atherosclerosis is an extremely complex disease having one or more risk factors increases a person's chance of developing atherosclerosis

Select all that apply Choose the true statements about atherosclerosis and risk factors. atherosclerosis is an extremely complex disease a risk factor is synonymous with the cause of the disease having one or more risk factors increases a person's chance of developing atherosclerosis

Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone.

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Oil is more dense than water such that it floats to the bottom when oil and water are mixed. Most lipids are hydrophilic. Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone. Lipids dissolve in water-based substances, such as vinegar.

false

If you were to mix oil and water, the two substances would not form a solution. Rather, the water would rise to the top of the oil and form small globules.

more omega-3 fatty

In general, compared to grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef often has _______. more saturated fat more omega-3 fatty acidsmore total fat more simple sugars

Choose lean meats Trim fat Steam meats

Select all that apply What are some things you can do to reduce fat intake? Choose lean meats Use drippings from the pan to make sauces and gravies. Trim fat Steam meats

woman's; man

A ______ risk of developing CVD is less than that of a ______ of the same age. woman;man man;woman

straight

A trans fatty acid is similar in structure to a saturated fatty acid because the hydrocarbon chain is relatively _____ long short straight jagged

gallstones

Hard particles that accumulate in the gallbladder or become lodged in one of the ducts carrying bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine are called )_____

saturated fats

Scientific evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol does not have as much effect on blood cholesterol as dietary ____ ______

is a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels includes coronary artery disease, stroke, and disease of the blood vessels

Select all that apply Cardiovascular disease ____ is a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels includes coronary artery disease, stroke, and disease of the blood vessels occurs when arteries have a smooth lining risk cannot be changed by following a healthier lifestyle

metabolized to yield 9 kcal/gram Primary storage form of fat in adipose tissue

Triglyceride function

Stearic acid

Which of the following is an example of a saturated fatty acid? Alpha-linolenic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid

Liver

Which of the following organs is key to the enterohepatic circulation of bile? Brain Esophagus Thyroid Liver

lipids

Obesity, certain cancers, and cardiovascular disease are all serious health conditions that often result from consuming high amounts of _____ minerals carbohydrates vitamins lipids

decrease

Omega-3 fatty acids tend to _____ blood clotting

increase increase

Omega-6 fatty acids _____ clotting and ______ inflammation in the body

3 6

Omega-fatty acids decrease blood clotting and inflammation while omega- _____fatty acids increase blood clotting and inflammation.

Chicken

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Chicken Broccoli Sunflower seeds Peanuts

Borderline high

Ariel recently had her fasting blood lipid levels checked. The results of the blood lipid test are shown below. Indicate whether this blood lipid level is considered desirable, borderline high, or high. Total cholesterol 221 mg/dL

150

Engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity at least ____minutes a week and balancing energy intake with energy expenditure helps people achieve and maintain healthy body weights..

glycerol

A triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a _____

saturated

A(n) ______ fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms.

Walnut oil

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? Walnut oil Green beans Whole milk Roast beef

Lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol? Chylomicron Bile Lipoprotein lipase Monoglycerides

three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

A triglyceride has ______. five pentagon shaped rings three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule three fatty acids and a phosphorus molecule

Lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol? Chylomicron Monoglycerides Bile Lipoprotein lipase

replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories limit trans fat intake

Select all that apply Choose the following dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development. replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories ensuring that monounsaturated fat intake is at least 25% of total Calories limit trans fat intake

monounsaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids

Select all that apply The AMDR is 20 to 35% for fat and should come predominately from ______, such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. monounsaturated fatty acids cis and trans fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids

Statins

Which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels? Statins Steroids Antibiotics Aspirin

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Type 2 diabetes Asian ancestry Higher than average intakes of calcium Female sex

Statins

Which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels? Aspirin Steroids Antibiotics Statins

trans

Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids? trans cis

men

Which gender is more prone to heart attacks?

increasing age

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Asian ancestry Low income level High intakes of vitamin C increasing age

straight

A trans fatty acid is similar in structure to a saturated fatty acid because the hydrocarbon chain is relatively ______. straight long short jagged

Shrimp

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? White potato Ripe banana Shrimp Green beans

phospholipid

Lecithin is a type of _______ fatty acid phospholipid triglyceride sterol

alpha-linolenic acid

0.6-1.2% total calories

total fat

20-35% of total calories

unsaturated.

An omega-3 fatty acid is unsaturated saturated

risk factors

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease with multiple _____ _____

decrease

Consumption of salmon and/or tuna 2-3 days per week may be associated with a(n) _____ in risk for heart disease, arthritis, and depression.

less

In a healthy person, the liver synthesizes ____ cholesterol when dietary cholesterol intake is higher. less equivalent more

important component of all cell membranes due to hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail acts as an emulsifier in fat digestion and absorption

Phospholipid function

True

Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol and, as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

safflower oil fatty fish

Polyunsaturated fat examples

1.6 1.1

The Adequate Intake (AI) of alpha-linolenic acid for men (ages 19-50 years old) is _____ g/day and the AI of alpha-linolenic acid for women (ages 19-50 years old) is_____ g/day

1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day, respectively

The Adequate Intake of alpha-linolenic acid for men and women (ages 19-50 years old) is ____ 1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day, respectively 16 g/day for both genders 16 g/day and 11 g/day, respectively 1.6 g/day for both genders

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following statements is true? Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel." Fat-free baked goods tend to be more moist than regular-fat baked goods.

cholesterol

as little as possible while consuming healthy diet.

omega-6

increase blood clotting and inflammation

saturated fat

less than 10% total calories

atherosclerosis

long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside the arterial walls

unsaturated fatty acids

may decrease blood levels of total and LDL-cholesterol; usually liquid at room temp

Saturated fatty acids

may increase blood levels and total LDL-cholesterol; usually solid at room temperature

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume ________. as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet no cholesterol less than 400 mg cholesterol/day less than 200 mg cholesterol/day

20 35

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - AMDR), adults should keep their daily distribution of fat calories between _____ to _____ % of their total calories.

cholesterol; duodenum

Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. cholesterol; gallbladder cholesterol; duodenum lecithin; duodenum lecithin; gallbladder

cholesterol; gallbladder

Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. cholesterol; gallbladder lecithin; gallbladder cholesterol; duodenum lecithin; duodenum

pancreatic

CCK signals the pancreas to secrete ______ lipase into the duodenum of the small intestine. duodenal hepatic pancreatic gastric

sterols

Cholesterol lowering margarines contain plant _____ which may lower cholesterol in people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

bagels

Choose the food that does not contain cholesterol. shrimp egg turkey, ground bagels

Family history of cardiovascular disease

Gloria is concerned that her dad is at high risk for having cardiovascular disease because her paternal grandfather died of a heart attack. Her father smokes, has type 2 diabetes, and is considered overweight. Which of Gloria's father's cardiovascular disease risk factors is not modifiable? Check all that apply Family history of cardiovascular disease Smoking Excess body fat Type 2 diabetes

increases

Having one or more risk factor(s) ______ a person's chance of developing atherosclerosis. increase decrease

Lipids

Maintaining cell membranes, insulating the body against cold temperatures, cushioning the body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are all traits of which nutrient? Lipids Vitamins Carbohydrates Proteins

egg yolk, 1 each beef, 3 oz salmon, 3 oz Turkey, dark 3oz Whole milk, 1 cup

Rank the foods from most cholesterol to least cholesterol Turkey, dark 3oz Whole milk, 1 cup salmon, 3 oz egg yolk, 1 each beef, 3 oz

decrease

Reducing the consumption of saturated fat and maintaining a total dietary intake of fat no greater than 35% of total calories will most likely cause a person's risk of developing atherosclerosis to ___ remain the same increase decrease

Beef Butter

Saturated fat examples

reducing intake of refined sugar increasing dietary fiber reducing alcohol intake

Select all that apply Which of the following dietary changes can help reduce the risk of developing CVD? reducing intake of refined sugar increasing dietary fiber reducing alcohol intake increase consumption of distilled spirits

Test triglyceride levels Check blood pressure Request lipoprotein profile

Select all that apply Which of the following tests should a doctor perform to determine a person's risk for developing atherosclerosis? Test triglyceride levels Check blood pressure Evaluate reflexes Request lipoprotein profile

between 20 and 35% of total calories

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range - AMDR) recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake less than 15% of total calories between 20 and 35 grams as low as possible between 20 and 35% of total calories

bad

The cholesterol carried by LDL is often called "_____" cholesterol because LDL conveys the lipid to tissues that contribute to atherosclerotic plaques.

Lipoprotein lipase

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream? Lipoprotein lipase Pancreatic lipase Glycolytic lipase

Lipoprotein lipase

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream? Pancreatic lipase Glycolytic lipase Lipoprotein lipase

HDL cholesterol

What type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the body tissue back to the liver for recycling? HDL LDL

Saturated

___ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds. Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated Trans Saturated

Cholesterol

_____ is found only in foods that contain animal products.

high blood LDL cholesterol high triglyceride levels

Select all that apply Excess body fat around the midsection of the body is associated with ____ high blood LDL cholesterol high triglyceride levels decreased risk for CVD high HDL levels

Saturated

___ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds. Saturated Polyunsaturated Trans Monounsaturated

heart

One in three adult Americans suffer from some form of ____ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

heart

One in three adult Americans suffer from some form of _____ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

atherosclerosis

To check a person's risk for ____ , a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels.

atherosclerosis

To check a person's risk for _____ a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels.

atherosclerosis

To check a person's risk for _____a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels.

true

True or false: Phospholipids contain both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions, which attract and repel water.

True

True or false: The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

decrease

Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may ______ circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.

Steaming

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake? Steaming Breading Stir-frying Frying

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

Which of the following statements is true? Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup. High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

Which statement is true? Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates. Digesting carbohydrates is a more complicated process than digesting lipids.

Arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

____ is a symptom or by-product of ______ Arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis

statins

_____ are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

atherosclerosis

_____ is the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls.

Eicosapentaenoic

______ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic Linoleic Lauric Stearic

Linoleic

_______ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic Linoleic Alpha-linolenic Docosahexaenoic

Linoleic

________ acid is an essential fatty acid Lauric Stearic Palmitic Linoleic

reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats limit trans fat intake

Select all that apply Choose the following dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development. reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats ensuring that monounsaturated fat intake is at least 25% of total Calories limit trans fat intake

refined carbohydrates alcohol

Select all that apply Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels. refined carbohydrates dairy soluble fiber alcohol

to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins to insulate and protect the body to provide energy

Select all that apply What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body? to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins to aid in transport of water-soluble vitamins to insulate and protect the body to provide building blocks for enzymes to provide energy

False

If you were to mix oil and water, the two substances would not form a solution. Rather, the water would rise to the top of the oil and form small globules.

Hypertension

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Female sex Normal blood cholesterol levels Hypertension Low body fat

omega-3

decrease blood clotting and inflammation

lipids carbohydrates

Digesting _____ is a more complicated process than digesting ______ because the majority of this type of nutrient in foods are not water soluble and the digestive process involves considerable amounts of water.

Olive oil Peanut butter

Monounsaturated fat examples

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on the physical state (liquid or solid) of the fat at room temperature. the smell and taste of the fat. the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties. Plants contain sterols similar to cholesterol.

Select all that apply Choose the statements that are true regarding plant food sterols and stanols. Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties. Plant sterol intake poses the same heart health risks associated with cholesterol intake. Plants contain sterols similar to cholesterol. Some plants actually contain cholesterol.

Steaming

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake? Stir-frying Breading Steaming Frying

linoleic acid

5-10% calories

Needed to synthesize steroid hormones found only in foods of animal origin.

Cholesterol function

phospholipids

Choose the type of fat that is partially water soluble. triglycerides cholesterol trans fats phospholipids

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration. the physical state (liquid or solid) of the fat at room temperature. the smell and taste of the fat.

arteriosclerosis

a loss of arterial flexibility or "hardening of the arteries"

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE? Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods. Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks. Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

cholesterol

Most gallstones are made of ______ calcium cholesterol protein sodium

Trans fatty acids

May increase blood levels of total and LDL-cholesterol; often made through hydrogenation process

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE? Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol. Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks. Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods.

phospholipids sterols triglycerides

Select all that apply The classes of lipids include ______. phospholipids sterols triglycerides saturated fatty acids

reducing blood LDL cholesterol level achieving healthy body weight maintaining a healthy body weight

Select all that apply The direct benefits of physical activity include ______ reducing blood LDL cholesterol level achieving healthy body weight reducing blood HDL cholesterol level maintaining a healthy body weight

Decreases Decreases Increases

Engaging in moderate- intesity physical activity at least 5 days a week has the following effects on blood lipids: _____ blood triglycerides _____ LDL _____ HDL

provide insulation against cold temperatures

In the body, lipids ________. stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber provide insulation against cold temperatures are needed for proper cholesterol digestion

Lipids do not dissolve readily in water.Lipids do not dissolve readily in water. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipids found in the body and in foods.Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipids found in the body and in foods. Fat supplies 9 kilocalories per gram.

Lipids are a unique nutrient group, differing significantly from carbohydrates and proteins. Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply. Lipids do not dissolve readily in water.Lipids do not dissolve readily in water. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipids found in the body and in foods.Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipids found in the body and in foods. Lipids are components of the plasma membrane that surround each human cell.Lipids are components of the plasma membrane that surround each human cell. Fat supplies 9 kilocalories per gram.

stroke obesity heart disease certain cancers

Select all that apply The major adverse health conditions associated with consuming high amounts of fat are __ stroke osteoporosis obesity heart disease certain cancers asthma

heart disease stroke

Select all that apply The most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US include ____ heart disease endocarditis cardiomyopathy stroke

chicken ice cream eggs

Select all that apply What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol? peanuts chicken ice cream eggs


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