Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Vocabulary

Golgi apparatus

A stack of layers of membranes that change proteins, put into packages, and carry those proteins to other places in the cell.

Cell Wall

A strong, rigid layer that protects, supports, and shapes the plant cell.

Mitochondrion

Bean-shaped organellles that produce chemical energy that is usable by a cell.

Facilitated Diffusion

Transport proteins give them a ride through the membrane..

Cytoplasm

A jellylike material that contains the building blocks needed for life.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of thin, folded membranes that helps in the production of proteins and other molecules.

Receptor

A protein that detects signals and acts because of it.

Organelle

A small part that carries out a specific job in a cell

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane grows out to surround large particles.

Selective Permability

Allows some materials, but not all, to cross it, or penetrate it.

Prokaryotic Cells

Bacteria

Chloroplast

Carry out photosynthesis that stores energy from sunlight as chemical energy fro the plant.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells containing internal membrane-bound structures, called organelles.

Hypertonic

Has a higher concentration of solutes than a cell.

Hypotonic

Has a lower concentration of solutes than a cell.

Centriole

Help from Cilla and flagella, structures that help cells to move or to move liquids past the cell.

Cell Membrane

It is a thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. It controls what comes into and goes out of the cell.

Phospholipid

Made of three parts: A phosphate group, a glycerol, and two fatty acid chains.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Phospholipids in each layer can move and slide. It acts like a film of oil on the surface of water.

Exocytosis

Process that moves substances out of the cell.

Vacuole

Sacs of fluids that store materials in a cell (E.G., water, food molecules, ions, and enzymes.)

Isotomic

Same concentration of solutes that the cell has.

Vesicle

Small sacs that carry different molecules to where they are needed.

Nucleus

Stores and protects the DNA of the cell

Concentration Gradient

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration.

Passive Transport

The movement of molecules without a cell using energy.

Endocytosis

The taking of larger materials materials or liquids.

Ribosome

Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins

Osmosis

Water molecules that diffuse across a membrane from a place of higher water concentration to a place of lower water concentration.