Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Vocabulary
Golgi apparatus
A stack of layers of membranes that change proteins, put into packages, and carry those proteins to other places in the cell.
Cell Wall
A strong, rigid layer that protects, supports, and shapes the plant cell.
Mitochondrion
Bean-shaped organellles that produce chemical energy that is usable by a cell.
Facilitated Diffusion
Transport proteins give them a ride through the membrane..
Cytoplasm
A jellylike material that contains the building blocks needed for life.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of thin, folded membranes that helps in the production of proteins and other molecules.
Receptor
A protein that detects signals and acts because of it.
Organelle
A small part that carries out a specific job in a cell
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane grows out to surround large particles.
Selective Permability
Allows some materials, but not all, to cross it, or penetrate it.
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria
Chloroplast
Carry out photosynthesis that stores energy from sunlight as chemical energy fro the plant.
Eukaryotic Cells
Cells containing internal membrane-bound structures, called organelles.
Hypertonic
Has a higher concentration of solutes than a cell.
Hypotonic
Has a lower concentration of solutes than a cell.
Centriole
Help from Cilla and flagella, structures that help cells to move or to move liquids past the cell.
Cell Membrane
It is a thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. It controls what comes into and goes out of the cell.
Phospholipid
Made of three parts: A phosphate group, a glycerol, and two fatty acid chains.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipids in each layer can move and slide. It acts like a film of oil on the surface of water.
Exocytosis
Process that moves substances out of the cell.
Vacuole
Sacs of fluids that store materials in a cell (E.G., water, food molecules, ions, and enzymes.)
Isotomic
Same concentration of solutes that the cell has.
Vesicle
Small sacs that carry different molecules to where they are needed.
Nucleus
Stores and protects the DNA of the cell
Concentration Gradient
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration.
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules without a cell using energy.
Endocytosis
The taking of larger materials materials or liquids.
Ribosome
Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
Osmosis
Water molecules that diffuse across a membrane from a place of higher water concentration to a place of lower water concentration.