chap 4 Tour of the cell

The endomembrane system includes ________.Golgi apparatus,

Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Can you label the structures of a prokaryotic cell?

Picture four

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?

Tobacco interferes with sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

nucleolus

Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?

Which one of the following groups is composed of prokaryotic cells?

bacteria

What cellular structure do antibiotics typically target?

cell walls

In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.

central vacuoles Submit

Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ________.

in fresh water

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.

mRNA

Which of the following are the components of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes when cells divide?

microtubules

The extracellular matrix of animal cells ________.

protects and support cells Submit

The Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify __________.

proteins

More than 100 years ago, microbiologist Paul Ehrlich talked about his concept of the ideal antibiotic as a "magic bullet" that could kill harmful bacteria but have minimal side effects for the infected person. How do antibiotics accomplish this goal?

by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.

have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in Submit

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.

lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ________ cells.

liver

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Using the figure for a reference, approximately how many times larger is the smallest bacteria compared to an atom?

10 times larger

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________.

stored in ATP to energy used to do work

Which part(s) of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?

the Golgi apparatus

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids

Suppose you are designing an antibiotic that specifically targets prokaryotic cells. Which labeled structure in the figure below should you target such that the antibiotic only affects prokaryotic cells?

Plasma membrane

Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.

lysosomes

A. Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection? B. Which of the following correctly describes what the video referred to as a "microbial cure"? C. In the projected video showing the growth of bacteria, why did the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics? D. Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance? E. A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic? F. What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps? G. In the video, what does the UK's Chief Medical Officer suggest for promoting the development of new antibiotics?

A. Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced. Submit B. Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person. Submit C. A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present. D. taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor E. Every time the antibiotic is given, it will kill 99% of the bacterial population. F. The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria. Submit G. encouraging big pharmaceutical companies to start investing again in new drug research and development

A. The figure shows an idealized animal cell and plant cell. Can you identify the structures? B. In which types of cells are mitochondria found? C. Which cell structures are present only in plants, not in animals?

A. picture two B. in both plant and animal cells C. central vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Click the image below to listen to the MP3 Tutor Session. You can also download the MP3 or view the text of the tutor session to read while you are listening. A. Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . B. Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? C.Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. D. What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? E. The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.

A. plasma membrane; cell wall B. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome C. chloroplasts; mitochondria D. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall E. endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome Submit

A. What is the function of Structure E? B. Identify Structure D. C. Identify Structure A.

A. stabilization of the phospholipids B. phospholipid bilayer of membrane C. glycoprotein

Read the following scenario to answer the following question. The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts. Submit

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease. Affected individuals exhibit impaired functioning of ciliated cells. Based on what you know about the role of cilia in eukaryotic cells, why would you expect people with PCD to be particularly susceptible to respiratory infections?

Cilia are responsible for clearing bacteria and mucus from the linings of your airways. Submit

Read the following scenario to answer the following question. The first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. Which characteristic of mitochondria suggests they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

Mitochondria have their own DNA.

Read the following scenario to answer the following question.Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) a species of bacteria was resistant to, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below. Why do bacteria numbers start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then begin to increase as time goes on?

Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time.

The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.

a double membrane

Can you label the structures of a plant cell? To review the structure of a plant cell, watch this BioFlix animation: Tour of a Plant Cell.

picture three

What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?

ribosomes Submit

Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (a polymer of amino acids) that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?

rough endoplasmic reticulum Submit

Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.

46

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.

chromatin Submit

The figure shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ________.

cilia