Chap 5 and 6
A neutral facial expression may be perceived as sadder at a funeral than at a circus. This best illustrates:
a context effect
Visual information is processed by ganglion cells:
After it is processed by rods and cones and after it is processed by bipolar cells.
The opponet process theory is most useful for explaining one of the characteristics of
Afterimages
Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect ones
Audition
Receptive cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the
Cerebellum
By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds digital hearing aids produce
Compressed sound
The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the :
Fovea
Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by:
Gestalt psychologists
lens
behind the pupil and focuses rays into an image on the eyes light sensitive back surface
depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes
binocular cues
When we have a combination of warm and cold it makes a what sensation?
buring
The phenomenon of blindsight best illustrates that visual information can be processed without:
conscious awareness.
a binocular cue for distance caused by the eyes greater turn inward when they view a near object
convergence
Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by:
cultural experience
Relative luminance most clearly contributes to:
lightness constancy
Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as:
linear perspective
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional
depth perception
relative size
distance (the closer the bigger for example)
cones
do not see color (low and are center)
distance cues such as linear perspective and overlap available to either eye alone
monocular cues
texture gradient
objects far away appear smaller and densely packed
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the:
oval window
the study of paranormal phenomena
parapsychology
After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates:
perceptual adaptation
The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates:
perceptual constancy
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of:
perceptual set
People perceive an adult-child pair as looking more alike when told they are parent and child. This best illustrates the effect of:
perceptual set
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
perceptual test
The number of complete sound waves that strike one's eardrum in a given second determines the _______ of the sound.
pitch
Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of:
precognition
what is the only thing that has independent receptors
pressure
Damage to a region of the temporal lobe essential to recognizing faces results in a condition known as:
prosopagnosia
The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of:
proximity
Jordan claims that with intense mental concentration, he can make objects float in mid-air. Jordan is claiming to possess the power of:
psychokinesis
The lights along the runway were shrouded in such a thick fog that the pilot of an incoming plane nearly overshot the runway. The pilot was most likely misled by the distance cue known as:
relative clarity
Drivers sometimes overestimate the distance between their own vehicle and pedestrians who are short because they rely on the distance cue known as:
relative size
The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as:
retinal disparity
what is the first layer to the eye and so on?
rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
Infant rates deprived of their mothers grooming touch produce
Less growth and have a lower metabolic rate
Which philosopher would have predicted that an extended period of sensory deprivation would inhibit the development of one's perceptual capacities?
Locke
Some strokes victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose he capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for :
Parallel processing
The volley principle is most relevant to understanding how we sense:
Pitch
Experiencing sudden pain is to ______ as recognizing that you are suffering a heart attack is to ______
Sensation; perception
If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so you will feel it for only a few moments. This is :
Sensory adaptation
The rubber hand illusion best illustrates
Sensory interaction
The impact of boredom and fatigue on people's absolute thresholds is highlighted by:
Signal detection therory
If a visual image is first presented subliminally, the chance a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved. This is:
That information can be processed outside of conscious awareness
Multiple ________ send combined messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single ________ may link directly to a single bipolar cell.
rods; cone
muller lyer illusion
rooms give us a clue to size
rods
see colors (high and are peripheral)
Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of:
selective attention
when at any given moment, we focus our awareness on only a limited aspect if all that we experience
selective attention
Blind musicians are more likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch. This best illustrates:
sensory compensation
A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates:
sensory interaction
Which of the following activities most clearly takes place in the rods and cones?
sensory transduction
Our shifting perceptions of a Necker cube best illustrates the importance of
Top down processing
The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates:
Weber's law
A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates:
shape constancy
acuity
sharpness of vision
The ability to accurately perceive distances most clearly underlies our capacity for:
size constancy
continuity
smooth conscious patterns
johannes kepler
stated we see images upside down
Which of the following is most notable for its short-term effects on thinking?
subliminal stimulation
Subtractive color mixing
subtracts wavelengths, less light (black, paint)
What are the only tastes we have?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
Monocular cue is to _______ as binocular cue is to ________.
texture gradient; convergence
The specific perceptual processes that underlie the Moon illusion also contribute to:
the Ponzo illusion
leonardo de vinci believed what
the fluids in our eyes bend the light rays
Once we have formed a wrong idea about reality, we have more difficulty seeing the truth. This best illustrates the impact of
top-down processing
Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of others' behaviors. This best illustrates the impact of:
top-down processing
The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of:
top-down processing
interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates
top-down processing
contentedness
uniform connected and linked
Perceiving the voice of a ventriloquist as originating from the mouth of a dummy best illustrates:
visual capture
the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
visual capture
relative clarity
we perceive hazy images as father away and clear objects as closer
McGurk effect
what we sees over rides what we hear
signal detection theory
ability to detect ¨false alarms¨
additive color mixing
adds wavelengths, more light (white, computer)
Tinnitus is a phantom ______ sensation
auditory
Goggles that allow animals to see only diffuse, unpatterned light have inhibiting effects on perceptual development similar to the effects of:
cataracts
Selective attention is best illustrated by:
change blindness
electromagnetic waves strike our retina to perceive what?
color
gate control theory
either blocks or allows the entrance of pain receptors
what makes up the optic nerve
ganglia cells
intentional blindness
gorilla test
similarity
group things together based on similarity (row of circles the triangles)
proximity
grouping figures together (6 lines bet 3 sets of lines)
relative height
higher means the farther away, the shorter the closer
ATM machines are more complex than VCRs but are easier to operate thanks to the efforts of:
human factors psychologists
explores how people and machines interact and how machines can be adapted to human behaviors
human factors psychology
interposition
if one object blocks our view of another we perceive it as closer
change blindness
inattention blindness in which 2/3 of individuals fail to notice
Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son partially obstructed his view of his daughter. Pedro's perception was most clearly influenced by a distance cue known as
interposition
when one object partially blocks another
interposition
The ring of muscle tissue that controls the pupil's size is called the:
iris
The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms exemplifies:
kinesthesis.
The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually:
large when it is near the horizon.