Chap 5 and 6

A neutral facial expression may be perceived as sadder at a funeral than at a circus. This best illustrates:

a context effect

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells:

After it is processed by rods and cones and after it is processed by bipolar cells.

The opponet process theory is most useful for explaining one of the characteristics of

Afterimages

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect ones

Audition

Receptive cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the

Cerebellum

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds digital hearing aids produce

Compressed sound

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the :

Fovea

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by:

Gestalt psychologists

lens

behind the pupil and focuses rays into an image on the eyes light sensitive back surface

depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes

binocular cues

When we have a combination of warm and cold it makes a what sensation?

buring

The phenomenon of blindsight best illustrates that visual information can be processed without:

conscious awareness.

a binocular cue for distance caused by the eyes greater turn inward when they view a near object

convergence

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by:

cultural experience

Relative luminance most clearly contributes to:

lightness constancy

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as:

linear perspective

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional

depth perception

relative size

distance (the closer the bigger for example)

cones

do not see color (low and are center)

distance cues such as linear perspective and overlap available to either eye alone

monocular cues

texture gradient

objects far away appear smaller and densely packed

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the:

oval window

the study of paranormal phenomena

parapsychology

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates:

perceptual adaptation

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates:

perceptual constancy

After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of:

perceptual set

People perceive an adult-child pair as looking more alike when told they are parent and child. This best illustrates the effect of:

perceptual set

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

perceptual test

The number of complete sound waves that strike one's eardrum in a given second determines the _______ of the sound.

pitch

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of:

precognition

what is the only thing that has independent receptors

pressure

Damage to a region of the temporal lobe essential to recognizing faces results in a condition known as:

prosopagnosia

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of:

proximity

Jordan claims that with intense mental concentration, he can make objects float in mid-air. Jordan is claiming to possess the power of:

psychokinesis

The lights along the runway were shrouded in such a thick fog that the pilot of an incoming plane nearly overshot the runway. The pilot was most likely misled by the distance cue known as:

relative clarity

Drivers sometimes overestimate the distance between their own vehicle and pedestrians who are short because they rely on the distance cue known as:

relative size

The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as:

retinal disparity

what is the first layer to the eye and so on?

rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Infant rates deprived of their mothers grooming touch produce

Less growth and have a lower metabolic rate

Which philosopher would have predicted that an extended period of sensory deprivation would inhibit the development of one's perceptual capacities?

Locke

Some strokes victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose he capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for :

Parallel processing

The volley principle is most relevant to understanding how we sense:

Pitch

Experiencing sudden pain is to ______ as recognizing that you are suffering a heart attack is to ______

Sensation; perception

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so you will feel it for only a few moments. This is :

Sensory adaptation

The rubber hand illusion best illustrates

Sensory interaction

The impact of boredom and fatigue on people's absolute thresholds is highlighted by:

Signal detection therory

If a visual image is first presented subliminally, the chance a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved. This is:

That information can be processed outside of conscious awareness

Multiple ________ send combined messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single ________ may link directly to a single bipolar cell.

rods; cone

muller lyer illusion

rooms give us a clue to size

rods

see colors (high and are peripheral)

Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of:

selective attention

when at any given moment, we focus our awareness on only a limited aspect if all that we experience

selective attention

Blind musicians are more likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch. This best illustrates:

sensory compensation

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates:

sensory interaction

Which of the following activities most clearly takes place in the rods and cones?

sensory transduction

Our shifting perceptions of a Necker cube best illustrates the importance of

Top down processing

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates:

Weber's law

A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates:

shape constancy

acuity

sharpness of vision

The ability to accurately perceive distances most clearly underlies our capacity for:

size constancy

continuity

smooth conscious patterns

johannes kepler

stated we see images upside down

Which of the following is most notable for its short-term effects on thinking?

subliminal stimulation

Subtractive color mixing

subtracts wavelengths, less light (black, paint)

What are the only tastes we have?

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Monocular cue is to _______ as binocular cue is to ________.

texture gradient; convergence

The specific perceptual processes that underlie the Moon illusion also contribute to:

the Ponzo illusion

leonardo de vinci believed what

the fluids in our eyes bend the light rays

Once we have formed a wrong idea about reality, we have more difficulty seeing the truth. This best illustrates the impact of

top-down processing

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of others' behaviors. This best illustrates the impact of:

top-down processing

The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of:

top-down processing

interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates

top-down processing

contentedness

uniform connected and linked

Perceiving the voice of a ventriloquist as originating from the mouth of a dummy best illustrates:

visual capture

the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

visual capture

relative clarity

we perceive hazy images as father away and clear objects as closer

McGurk effect

what we sees over rides what we hear

signal detection theory

ability to detect ¨false alarms¨

additive color mixing

adds wavelengths, more light (white, computer)

Tinnitus is a phantom ______ sensation

auditory

Goggles that allow animals to see only diffuse, unpatterned light have inhibiting effects on perceptual development similar to the effects of:

cataracts

Selective attention is best illustrated by:

change blindness

electromagnetic waves strike our retina to perceive what?

color

gate control theory

either blocks or allows the entrance of pain receptors

what makes up the optic nerve

ganglia cells

intentional blindness

gorilla test

similarity

group things together based on similarity (row of circles the triangles)

proximity

grouping figures together (6 lines bet 3 sets of lines)

relative height

higher means the farther away, the shorter the closer

ATM machines are more complex than VCRs but are easier to operate thanks to the efforts of:

human factors psychologists

explores how people and machines interact and how machines can be adapted to human behaviors

human factors psychology

interposition

if one object blocks our view of another we perceive it as closer

change blindness

inattention blindness in which 2/3 of individuals fail to notice

Pedro recognized that his son was closer to him than his daughter because his son partially obstructed his view of his daughter. Pedro's perception was most clearly influenced by a distance cue known as

interposition

when one object partially blocks another

interposition

The ring of muscle tissue that controls the pupil's size is called the:

iris

The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms exemplifies:

kinesthesis.

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually:

large when it is near the horizon.