Chapter 03: Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities

A nurse is taking care of a client who has a new, permanent colostomy. The nurse is talking with the client about the new appliance and asking how the client feels about managing it. Which client response indicates understanding of the relationship between self-concept and health?

"I am developing a set of realistic expectations to help me manage my overall health and quality of life."

A pregnant client at 10 weeks' gestation is receiving education by the nurse about the importance of abstaining from alcohol while pregnant. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the education provided?

"I should abstain from alcohol to prevent the development of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder."

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

1. Are rarely curable 2. Require lifelong management 3. Have a prolonged course

The nurse is caring for a very active, athletic adolescent recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The client appears to be withdrawn and depressed when the nurse asks how the client is doing today. Using the health belief model, what step(s) will the nurse take to create a plan of care for this client? Select all that apply.

1. Encourage the client to participate in as many activities as he or she can tolerate and provide information for health counselling. 2. Review possible outcomes of the diagnosis with the client, allowing the client to express concerns while providing support. 3. Conduct an in-depth interview of the client's previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has.

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

1. Family 2. Culture 3. Community 4. Society

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

1. Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night 2. Eating regular healthy meals 3. Maintaining an ideal body weight

Which scenario is an example of a characteristic of Stage 2 of illness?

A person tells his family that he is sick and allows family members to take care of him.

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

Chronic illness

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

Instructing a client on how to use crutches

The nurse is certified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform first?

Requesting the client's permission to touch the body

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

Secondary

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

Sociocultural and intellectual

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

age and developmental stage.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

homeostasis.

The concept of holism is based on the belief that:

individuals cannot be seen apart from the environment.

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

Primary

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A 13-year-old client with cystic fibrosis who is being discharged confides in the nurse that her parents argue a lot. Sometimes, her mother has too much to drink and starts throwing things at people. At times she gets scared her mom will hurt someone. She feels as if she is causing her parents to fight and her mom to drink because she is always in the hospital. She also worries about getting a bad grade in school due to her many absences and not getting into a good college. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, which issue should take priority when caring for this client?

The client feels scared that her mother will hurt someone.

A nurse assists the client in the development of a healthy lifestyle. The adoption of these lifestyle changes in the client's life is considered:

self-care.

A client arrives at a health care facility complaining of pain in the abdomen and diarrhea. The physician diagnoses the client with colitis, an acute illness. Why is colitis considered an acute illness?

The onset is sudden.

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.

What is a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life?

Wellness

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:

consume a healthy diet.

A nurse is providing care for client who experienced a stroke. Which nursing intervention reflects the tertiary level of prevention?

provide care transition at discharge for speech therapy