Chapter 05
Fiber can protect the body against all of the following EXCEPT: A. Colon cancer B. Coronary artery disease C. High blood cholesterol D. Iron deficiency
D. Iron deficiency
Identify the vitamin that is essential for maintaining skin and other cells that line the inside of the body and in preventing night blindness. A. Vitamin B B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin A
Which of the following statements is true of vitamins? A. Vitamins are metabolized for energy. B. Vitamins that are manufactured synthetically are less effective than those produced by the body. C. In particular, vitamin D is manufactured by the body. D. Vitamins are required in extremely small amounts as regulators of body processes.
D. Vitamins are required in extremely small amounts as regulators of body processes.
The basic units that make up proteins are smaller compounds called: A. Amino acids B. Polysaccharides C. Monosaccharides D. Glucose
A. Amino acids
Identify a mineral which is extremely important for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and the conduction of nerve impulses. A. Calcium B. Sodium C. Phosphorus D. Iron
A. Calcium
The most efficient source of energy is: A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Fats D. Water
A. Carbohydrates
Which of the following is known as the science of the substances in food that are essential to life? A. Nutrition B. Oenology C. Nutrigenetics D. Phytomedicine
A. Nutrition
Which of the following stages of glycogen supercompensation restricts the dietary intake of carbohydrates? A. Phase 1 B. Phase 3 C. Phase 2 D. Phase 4
A. Phase 1
Which of the following is a true statement about proteins? A. They are needed to make enzymes, many hormones, and antibodies that help fight infection. B. They are the most concentrated source of energy, providing more calories per gram when compared with carbohydrates. C. They pass through the intestinal tract and add bulk because they are hard to digest. D. They help the human body to break sugars into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
A. They are needed to make enzymes, many hormones, and antibodies that help fight infection.
A mineral that is most abundant in the body and is essential for bones and teeth is: A. Phosphorus B. Calcium C. Iron D. Zinc
B. Calcium
Identify an organic compound, the supplementation of which may result in weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and renal dysfunction. A. Ephedrine B. Creatine C. Ginkgo Biloba D. Guarana
B. Creatine
Glucose that is not needed for immediate energy is stored in the muscle cells as: A. Fat B. Glycogen C. Monosaccharides D. Protein
B. Glycogen
The process that breaks down glucose to produce energy is known as: A. Glyceronesis B. Glycolysis C. Glycogenesis D. Glycogenolysis
B. Glycolysis
Vegetarians who consume dairy products along with plant foods but exclude meat, fish, poultry, and eggs from their diet are known as: A. Vegans B. Lactovegetarians C. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians D. Ovo-vegetarians
B. Lactovegetarians
Which of the following herbs contains ephedrine and was banned from use in dietary substances by the FDA in 2003? A. Echinacea B. Ma huang C. St. John's wort D. Ginkgo biloba
B. Ma huang
Anorexia athletica is characterized by all of the following signs EXCEPT: A. Weight loss greater than 5% B. Self starvation C. Absence of medical illness explaining weight loss D. Gastrointestinal complaints
B. Self starvation
Which of the following statements is true of micronutrients? A. They are found mostly in the structural parts of plants. B. They are necessary for regulating normal body functions. C. They are the most efficient source of energy. D. They are divided into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
B. They are necessary for regulating normal body functions.
Which of the following types of vitamins results in appetite loss, weight loss, and a failure to grow if consumed in huge quantities? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Thiamin D. Niacin
B. Vitamin D
Which of the following groups are fat-soluble vitamins? A. D, A, B, C B. K, E, B C. A, D, E, K D. C, B, E, K
C. A, D, E, K
Sugars and starches are examples of: A. Fats B. Proteins C. Carbohydrates D. Vitamins
C. Carbohydrates
Which of the following statements is not true of alcohol? A. It is a diuretic. B. It depresses the central nervous system. C. It contains minerals. D. It contains 7 calories per gram.
C. It contains minerals.
Which of the following statements is true of lactase deficiency? A. It implies that an individual's body has insufficient calcium. B. It is common among vegetarians who consume iron-rich foods. C. It occurs when an individual's body fails to produce an enzyme that digests milk products. D. It is a common problem for young females, and it occurs due to a lack of iron in the body.
C. It occurs when an individual's body fails to produce an enzyme that digests milk products.
Identify a true statement about antioxidants. A. They play a major role in energy metabolism and the formation of hemoglobin. B. They are macronutrients that are important for the transmission of nerve impulses. C. They protect vital cell components from the destructive effects of certain agents. D. They are necessary for proper bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
C. They protect vital cell components from the destructive effects of certain agents.
In a weight-loss program, how many pounds should ideally be lost per week? A. 3 to 4 B. 4 to 5 C. 2 to 4 D. 1 to 2
D. 1 to 2
What percentage of an individual's daily caloric intake should be made up of carbohydrate? A. 15-20% B. 25-30% C. 70-85% D. 45-65%
D. 45-65%
Which of the following nutrients prevents premature aging, certain cancers, and heart diseases? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Minerals D. Antioxidants
D. Antioxidants
True or false: A low-carbohydrate diet decreases glucagon levels and increases insulin levels, allowing fats to be burned rapidly and weight loss to occur.
False
True or false: Energy drinks are safe for consumption by athletes prior to competition.
False
True or false: Organically grown foods are nutritious than foods produced by conventional methods.
False
True or false: Precompetition meals should consist of moderate to high glycemic index foods to allow energy to be released slowly over a longer period.
False
True or false: Sugars are carried to the gallbladder, where they are converted into either glycogen or glucose.
False
True or false: The glucose that is not needed for immediate energy is stored as glycogen in the spleen.
False
True or false: The primary functions of carbohydrates are cell building and tissue repair.
False
True or false: Water intake should be restricted during physical activity because it hampers performance.
False
True or false: A deficiency in folic acid and iron can lead to anemia.
True
True or false: As many as 15 to 21 percent of individuals who are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa ultimately die from this disorder.
True
True or false: Athletes should consume carbohydrates after a workout to maximize recovery if the time period between exercise sessions is less than eight hours.
True
True or false: Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of rapid and uncontrollable ingestion of large amounts of food in a short period of time, followed by purging.
True
True or false: Caffeine is not banned for Olympic athletes.
True
True or false: Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and the conduction of nerve impulses.
True
True or false: Fats provide more than twice the calories per gram when compared with carbohydrates or proteins.
True
True or false: Ingesting large quantities of glucose before physical activity may have a positive impact on performance.
True
True or false: The fatty acids found in cold-water fish contain a protective mechanism against disease.
True
True or false: To lose weight, an individual must increase physical activity and decrease caloric intake.
True
True or false: Trans fatty acids increase the risk of heart disease by increasing levels of bad cholesterol.
True
True or false: Water is the most essential of all nutrients, and it accounts for approximately 60 percent of the body's total weight.
True