Chapter 1
What is a helminth?
A parasitic worm
Which define spontaneous generation? A. abiogenesis B. Biogenesis
A. Abiogenesis
Which of the following is true regarding regarding all prokaryotes? A. All lack a nucleus B. all are motile C. all have peptidoglycan D. All cause disease
A. All lack a nucleus.
Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Check all that apply A. Bacteria B. Mammals C. Fish D. Fungi E. Plants
A. Bacteria D. Fungi
Select the six major groups of microorganisms or agents studied in microbiology A. Bacteria B. Mosses C. Fungi D. Arthropoda E. Viruses F. Algae G. Protozoa H. Helminths
A. Bacteria C. Fungi E. Viruses F. Algae G. Protozoa H. Helminths
Select the contribution ps if Robert Koch's: A. Established postulates to verify the germ theory of disease B. Developed rabies vaccine C. Developed the beer and wine industry D. Confirmed the bacterial cause of anthrax
A. Established postulates to verify the germ theory of disease & D. Confirmed the bacterial cause of anthrax
What technology Involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? A. Genetic engineering B. PCR C. DNA fingerprinting D. Organic agriculture
A. Genetic engineering
Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are... A. Microscopic B. Macroscopic
A. Microscopic
The kingdom _______________________ was reclassified into two separate domains: bacteria and archaea. A. Monera B. Protista C. Eukarya D. Prokarya
A. Monera (I previously picked prokarya but there is not a Kingdom prokarya in any system. Prokaryotic is a cell
Abiogenesis refers to the... A. Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter B. Development of life forms from preexisting life form C. Development of aspectic technique D. Germ theory of disease
A. Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter
Which microbe(s) lack a true nucleus? Select all that apply A. Virus B. Yeast C. Protozoan D. Algae E. Bacteria
A. Virus & E. Bacteria
What is classification? A. arranging organisms into a hierarchy B. identifying DNA patterns in organisms C. studying the timeline of evolutionary history D. assigning names to organisms
A. arranging organisms into a hierarchy
The discovery of general principles by examining specific cases is referred to as_______________ reasoning. A. Inductive B. Deductive
A. inductive
A(n) ____________________ derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. A. Parasite B. Symbionts C. Microorganism D. Commensal
A. parasite
A good hypothesis must be _________________ A. true in all related situations B. Able to be supported or rejected by experimentation C. Tested once to determine its complete validity D. developed from a scientific theory.
B. Able to be supported or rejected by experimentation
Biofilm infections are less susceptible to antibiotics because A. Biofilm bacteria are all antibiotic resistant B. Antibiotics cannot penetrate the slime secreted by the microbes C. Antibiotics are readily inactivated when contacting the biofilm
B. Antibiotics cannot penetrate the slime secreted by the microbes
Which microbe(s) do NOT have a true nucleus? A. Protozoa B. Bacteria C. Yeast D. Algae
B. Bacteria
Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? A. Fermentation B. Bioremediation C. Pasteurization
B. Bioremediation
The use of general principles to explain specific observations is called __________________reasoning. A. Inductive B. deductive
B. Deductive
Using the general to determine the specific is _________________reasoning, where as using the specific to arrive at a general principle is _________________ reasoning. A. Inductive; deductive B. deductive; inductive
B. Deductive; inductive
It is estimated that up to half of all organisms exist in the_____________ A. Lithosphere B. Earths crust C. atmosphere D. Large oceans
B. Earth's crust
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? A. Koch B. Lister C. Van Leeuwenhoek D. Semmelweis
B. Lister
Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as_____________ A. Organs B. Organelles C. Nuclei D. Systems
B. Organelles
Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus? Select all that apply A. Archaea B. Protists C. Prion D. Yeast E. Virus
B. Protist & D. Yeast
What is the role of small RNAs? A. Cut DNA into specific pieces B. Regulate cell activities C. Amplify DNA by making multiple copies for study D. Bacteria are able to colonize the body.
B. Regulate cell activities
Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, belong to the Domain ________________.
Bacteria
All __________________ are microorganisms, but not all _______________ are microorganisms.
Bacteria and archaea; eukaryote
Biofilm
Bacteria attaches to a service and then accumulate into complex layers, cemented by sugar secreted by the bacteria. They become very difficult to dislodge or even to treat with antibiotics.
The three domains of the Woese-Fox system include the true bacteria in Domain_______________, the extreme microbes in Domain ____________________, and the eukaryotic organisms in Domain_____________________.
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Types/Groups of microorganisms
Bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, helminths (parasitic invertebrate animals such as worms), and fungi. All of these are cellular organisms except for viruses.
In the _____________________ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two word name representing the genus and species name.
Binomial
Chronic ear infections, prostate infections, and infections of indwelling medical devices are often caused by
Biofilms
A hypothesis can be defined as... A. A belief based on knowledge B. Knowledge based on belief C. A scientific explanation that is subject to testing D. A theory that has been thoroughly tested
C. A scientific explanation that is subject to testing
When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered... A. A law B. A speculation C. A theory D. Proved
C. A theory
Taxonomy involves __________________ living things. A. Searching for B. isolating C. Classifying D. Controlling
C. Classifying
How would classify a virus? A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Neither a nor B
C. Neither a nor B
What is the correct order of the taxonomic categories, going from most specific to most general... A. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species B. Division, Domain, Kingdom, Class, Family, Genus, Species C. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain D. Species, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Kingdom
C. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
What is nomenclature? A. Investigating the DNA of organisms to determine relationship B. Matching closely related organisms C. Arranging organisms according to evolutionary history D. Assigning names to organisms
D. Assigning names to organisms
Which of the following are not eukaryotic? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Protozoa D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
Which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwenhoek's microscope? A. Focusing screw B. Lens C. Specimen holder D. Condenser
D. Condenser
For human health and well-being, it is important to have ___________ microbiota. A. Pathogenic B. Chronic C. Diverse D. Minimal
D. Diverse
Three cell types — bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes—— all derived from LUCA, an acronym for the: A. Latest universal cellular ancestor B. last unknown controversy ancestor C. living universal cellular ancestor D. last universal common ancestor
D. Last universal common ancester
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? A. Alga B. Bacterium C. Protozoan D. Mushroom
D. Mushroom
In general, disease causing organisms are referred to as... A. animacules B. Microorganisms C. Bacteria D. Pathogens
D. Pathogens
Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic material? A. Bioremediation B. Biotechnology C. Decomposition D. Recombinant DNA technology
D. Recombinant DNA technology
A scientific theory is a proposed explanation of a natural event that is __________________ A. developed before testing through experimentation B. absolutely true without doubt C. the result of a single experiment D. the result of extensive testing over time
D. the result of extensive testing over time
__________________ reasoning involves the application of a general principle
Deductive
A(n) __________________ infectious disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.
Emerging
The cells of which microorganisms contain organelles
Eukaryotes
True or false according to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.
False
True or false: Semmelweis first promoted the use of disinfecting agents during surgery, such as the spraying of phenol in the operating room.
False
True or false: viruses are considered living organisms and are classified under the Woese system as members of the domain Archaea.
False
True or false if two microbes are in the same family, they must be in the same species
False Species is a more specific level of classification than family, therefore, not every species will be part of the same family.
True or false: Staphylococcus aureus is the correct way to write this organisms binomial name when used in a scientific journal article
False. It can be written has S. aureus, but only if the genus name has already been stated.
True or false: eukaryotes evolved from Procaryotes
False. eukaryotes and prokaryotes emerged independently
True or false: organisms in the same order are more closely related than those in the same family
False.organisms in the same family are more closely related than those in the same order
For the organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus represents the _______________ genus level of classification.
Genus
An organisms carrying an infection is referred to as the ________________________ for the parasite.
Host
__________________ reasoning involves the creation of a general principle.
Inductive
Viruses
Infect each of the cellular organisms, and are noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that can cause harm to the host cell they infect.
All bacteria will be placed in the same ___________________, call Monera; this is one of the five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.
Kingdom
All members of the same phylum must also be members of the same _____________
Kingdom
Microorganisms/Microbes
Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye
Professions using microbiology
Medical microbiology, public health microbiology and epidemiology, immunology, industrial microbiology, agricultural microbiology, and environmental microbiology. See pg 3
The scientific ___________________...is a systematic pursuit of knowledge that involves observation, hypothesis formation and testing, and the collection of data.
Method
In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek developed a large collection of single-lens____________________.
Microscope
In the Whittaker system, all prokaryotes belong in the kingdom_________________ A. Monera B. Protista C. Archaea D. Bacteria
Monera
_______________ is the term applied to the method of assigning a scientific or specific name to an organism, whereas taxonomy involves the organization of these named organisms.
Nomenclature
A(n) ____________________ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.
Organelle
The evolution of ________________ photosynthesis in microorganisms generated a s oxygenated atmosphere over time.
Oxygenic
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n). _____________________ when it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.
Parasite
Louis _________________ developed methods of making dairy product safer and the formation of beer and wine using microbes.
Pasteur
_________________________ Is the light fuel conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material.
Photosynthesis
The _______________________ ____________________________reaction allows us to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, creating a powerful tool for diagnoses, forensics, and microbial investigation.
Polymerase chain
The 5 kingdoms in the Whittaker system include Kingdoms Animalia, plantae, Myceteae (fungi), _____________________, and ______________________.
Protista and monera.
Tuberculosis is an older disease but it's prevalence has been increasing in recent recent years; therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as an __________________ disease.
Re-emerging
The discovery of molecular scissors are called
Restriction enzymes
Natural ____________________ is a process in which the environment places pressure on organisms to adapt and survive; traits best suited to the environment tend to spread in the population over time.
Selection
An environment or material that is completely free of all life forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as ___________
Sterile
Gases produced by microbes, for example carbon dioxide and methane, help to regulate the _______________________ of planet earth.
Temperature
Information about how the characteristics of human biology are shaped by the microbes that live in and on us has been derived from ____________
The human microbiome project
What is biotechnology?
The use of microbes or their products for commercial industrial purposes.
A scientific _______________ is a viable explanation (hypothesis)for a natural phenomenon that has stood the test of time and extensive experimentation.
Theory
True or false: Archaea have no nucleus
True
True or false: Generally, eukaryotic microbes are larger than bacteria.
True
True or false: In order to be called a theory, a scientific idea has to undergo a great deal of testing.
True
True or false: microbes are ubiquitous
True
True or false: if two microbes are of the same genus, they must be in the same class
True (A class includes the genus level of classification)
The term __________________ is used to refer to the fact that microbes exist nearly everywhere on the earth.
Ubiquitous
Genetic transfer from one organisms to its progeny is _____________ A. Horizontal B. Vertical
Vertical
When not present in a host, an individual virus is referred to as a _______________, or virus particle.
Virion
A ____________________ is a pathogen that must use an infected host cell's genetic and metabolic machinery for reproduction and assembly
Virus
A(n) _________________ is a microscopic agent, which is not cellular (,acellular) and is composed of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat.
Virus
Order the following items by size, using number: 1=smallest through 8=largest ________adenovirus __________helminths ________amoeba ___________coccus-shaped bacterium ________rickettsia ___________white blood cell ________protein ___________atom
__3____adenovirus ___8______helminths __7____amoeba ___5______coccus-shaped bacterium __4____rickettsia ___6______white blood cell __2____protein ___1_______atom
Microbiology
is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Such microscopic organisms are collectively referred to as microorganisms, microbes, or other terms depending on the kind of microbe or the purpose.
The deliberate manipulation of organisms by transferring genetic material from one organism to another, a type of genetic engineering, is known as ___________________________ DNA technology.
recombinant