Chapter 1

What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

Which define spontaneous generation? A. abiogenesis B. Biogenesis

A. Abiogenesis

Which of the following is true regarding regarding all prokaryotes? A. All lack a nucleus B. all are motile C. all have peptidoglycan D. All cause disease

A. All lack a nucleus.

Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Check all that apply A. Bacteria B. Mammals C. Fish D. Fungi E. Plants

A. Bacteria D. Fungi

Select the six major groups of microorganisms or agents studied in microbiology A. Bacteria B. Mosses C. Fungi D. Arthropoda E. Viruses F. Algae G. Protozoa H. Helminths

A. Bacteria C. Fungi E. Viruses F. Algae G. Protozoa H. Helminths

Select the contribution ps if Robert Koch's: A. Established postulates to verify the germ theory of disease B. Developed rabies vaccine C. Developed the beer and wine industry D. Confirmed the bacterial cause of anthrax

A. Established postulates to verify the germ theory of disease & D. Confirmed the bacterial cause of anthrax

What technology Involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? A. Genetic engineering B. PCR C. DNA fingerprinting D. Organic agriculture

A. Genetic engineering

Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are... A. Microscopic B. Macroscopic

A. Microscopic

The kingdom _______________________ was reclassified into two separate domains: bacteria and archaea. A. Monera B. Protista C. Eukarya D. Prokarya

A. Monera (I previously picked prokarya but there is not a Kingdom prokarya in any system. Prokaryotic is a cell

Abiogenesis refers to the... A. Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter B. Development of life forms from preexisting life form C. Development of aspectic technique D. Germ theory of disease

A. Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter

Which microbe(s) lack a true nucleus? Select all that apply A. Virus B. Yeast C. Protozoan D. Algae E. Bacteria

A. Virus & E. Bacteria

What is classification? A. arranging organisms into a hierarchy B. identifying DNA patterns in organisms C. studying the timeline of evolutionary history D. assigning names to organisms

A. arranging organisms into a hierarchy

The discovery of general principles by examining specific cases is referred to as_______________ reasoning. A. Inductive B. Deductive

A. inductive

A(n) ____________________ derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. A. Parasite B. Symbionts C. Microorganism D. Commensal

A. parasite

A good hypothesis must be _________________ A. true in all related situations B. Able to be supported or rejected by experimentation C. Tested once to determine its complete validity D. developed from a scientific theory.

B. Able to be supported or rejected by experimentation

Biofilm infections are less susceptible to antibiotics because A. Biofilm bacteria are all antibiotic resistant B. Antibiotics cannot penetrate the slime secreted by the microbes C. Antibiotics are readily inactivated when contacting the biofilm

B. Antibiotics cannot penetrate the slime secreted by the microbes

Which microbe(s) do NOT have a true nucleus? A. Protozoa B. Bacteria C. Yeast D. Algae

B. Bacteria

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? A. Fermentation B. Bioremediation C. Pasteurization

B. Bioremediation

The use of general principles to explain specific observations is called __________________reasoning. A. Inductive B. deductive

B. Deductive

Using the general to determine the specific is _________________reasoning, where as using the specific to arrive at a general principle is _________________ reasoning. A. Inductive; deductive B. deductive; inductive

B. Deductive; inductive

It is estimated that up to half of all organisms exist in the_____________ A. Lithosphere B. Earths crust C. atmosphere D. Large oceans

B. Earth's crust

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? A. Koch B. Lister C. Van Leeuwenhoek D. Semmelweis

B. Lister

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as_____________ A. Organs B. Organelles C. Nuclei D. Systems

B. Organelles

Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus? Select all that apply A. Archaea B. Protists C. Prion D. Yeast E. Virus

B. Protist & D. Yeast

What is the role of small RNAs? A. Cut DNA into specific pieces B. Regulate cell activities C. Amplify DNA by making multiple copies for study D. Bacteria are able to colonize the body.

B. Regulate cell activities

Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, belong to the Domain ________________.

Bacteria

All __________________ are microorganisms, but not all _______________ are microorganisms.

Bacteria and archaea; eukaryote

Biofilm

Bacteria attaches to a service and then accumulate into complex layers, cemented by sugar secreted by the bacteria. They become very difficult to dislodge or even to treat with antibiotics.

The three domains of the Woese-Fox system include the true bacteria in Domain_______________, the extreme microbes in Domain ____________________, and the eukaryotic organisms in Domain_____________________.

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Types/Groups of microorganisms

Bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, helminths (parasitic invertebrate animals such as worms), and fungi. All of these are cellular organisms except for viruses.

In the _____________________ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two word name representing the genus and species name.

Binomial

Chronic ear infections, prostate infections, and infections of indwelling medical devices are often caused by

Biofilms

A hypothesis can be defined as... A. A belief based on knowledge B. Knowledge based on belief C. A scientific explanation that is subject to testing D. A theory that has been thoroughly tested

C. A scientific explanation that is subject to testing

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered... A. A law B. A speculation C. A theory D. Proved

C. A theory

Taxonomy involves __________________ living things. A. Searching for B. isolating C. Classifying D. Controlling

C. Classifying

How would classify a virus? A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Neither a nor B

C. Neither a nor B

What is the correct order of the taxonomic categories, going from most specific to most general... A. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species B. Division, Domain, Kingdom, Class, Family, Genus, Species C. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain D. Species, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Kingdom

C. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain

What is nomenclature? A. Investigating the DNA of organisms to determine relationship B. Matching closely related organisms C. Arranging organisms according to evolutionary history D. Assigning names to organisms

D. Assigning names to organisms

Which of the following are not eukaryotic? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Protozoa D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwenhoek's microscope? A. Focusing screw B. Lens C. Specimen holder D. Condenser

D. Condenser

For human health and well-being, it is important to have ___________ microbiota. A. Pathogenic B. Chronic C. Diverse D. Minimal

D. Diverse

Three cell types — bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes—— all derived from LUCA, an acronym for the: A. Latest universal cellular ancestor B. last unknown controversy ancestor C. living universal cellular ancestor D. last universal common ancestor

D. Last universal common ancester

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? A. Alga B. Bacterium C. Protozoan D. Mushroom

D. Mushroom

In general, disease causing organisms are referred to as... A. animacules B. Microorganisms C. Bacteria D. Pathogens

D. Pathogens

Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic material? A. Bioremediation B. Biotechnology C. Decomposition D. Recombinant DNA technology

D. Recombinant DNA technology

A scientific theory is a proposed explanation of a natural event that is __________________ A. developed before testing through experimentation B. absolutely true without doubt C. the result of a single experiment D. the result of extensive testing over time

D. the result of extensive testing over time

__________________ reasoning involves the application of a general principle

Deductive

A(n) __________________ infectious disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

Emerging

The cells of which microorganisms contain organelles

Eukaryotes

True or false according to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.

False

True or false: Semmelweis first promoted the use of disinfecting agents during surgery, such as the spraying of phenol in the operating room.

False

True or false: viruses are considered living organisms and are classified under the Woese system as members of the domain Archaea.

False

True or false if two microbes are in the same family, they must be in the same species

False Species is a more specific level of classification than family, therefore, not every species will be part of the same family.

True or false: Staphylococcus aureus is the correct way to write this organisms binomial name when used in a scientific journal article

False. It can be written has S. aureus, but only if the genus name has already been stated.

True or false: eukaryotes evolved from Procaryotes

False. eukaryotes and prokaryotes emerged independently

True or false: organisms in the same order are more closely related than those in the same family

False.organisms in the same family are more closely related than those in the same order

For the organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus represents the _______________ genus level of classification.

Genus

An organisms carrying an infection is referred to as the ________________________ for the parasite.

Host

__________________ reasoning involves the creation of a general principle.

Inductive

Viruses

Infect each of the cellular organisms, and are noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that can cause harm to the host cell they infect.

All bacteria will be placed in the same ___________________, call Monera; this is one of the five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.

Kingdom

All members of the same phylum must also be members of the same _____________

Kingdom

Microorganisms/Microbes

Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

Professions using microbiology

Medical microbiology, public health microbiology and epidemiology, immunology, industrial microbiology, agricultural microbiology, and environmental microbiology. See pg 3

The scientific ___________________...is a systematic pursuit of knowledge that involves observation, hypothesis formation and testing, and the collection of data.

Method

In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek developed a large collection of single-lens____________________.

Microscope

In the Whittaker system, all prokaryotes belong in the kingdom_________________ A. Monera B. Protista C. Archaea D. Bacteria

Monera

_______________ is the term applied to the method of assigning a scientific or specific name to an organism, whereas taxonomy involves the organization of these named organisms.

Nomenclature

A(n) ____________________ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

Organelle

The evolution of ________________ photosynthesis in microorganisms generated a s oxygenated atmosphere over time.

Oxygenic

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n). _____________________ when it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

Parasite

Louis _________________ developed methods of making dairy product safer and the formation of beer and wine using microbes.

Pasteur

_________________________ Is the light fuel conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material.

Photosynthesis

The _______________________ ____________________________reaction allows us to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, creating a powerful tool for diagnoses, forensics, and microbial investigation.

Polymerase chain

The 5 kingdoms in the Whittaker system include Kingdoms Animalia, plantae, Myceteae (fungi), _____________________, and ______________________.

Protista and monera.

Tuberculosis is an older disease but it's prevalence has been increasing in recent recent years; therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as an __________________ disease.

Re-emerging

The discovery of molecular scissors are called

Restriction enzymes

Natural ____________________ is a process in which the environment places pressure on organisms to adapt and survive; traits best suited to the environment tend to spread in the population over time.

Selection

An environment or material that is completely free of all life forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as ___________

Sterile

Gases produced by microbes, for example carbon dioxide and methane, help to regulate the _______________________ of planet earth.

Temperature

Information about how the characteristics of human biology are shaped by the microbes that live in and on us has been derived from ____________

The human microbiome project

What is biotechnology?

The use of microbes or their products for commercial industrial purposes.

A scientific _______________ is a viable explanation (hypothesis)for a natural phenomenon that has stood the test of time and extensive experimentation.

Theory

True or false: Archaea have no nucleus

True

True or false: Generally, eukaryotic microbes are larger than bacteria.

True

True or false: In order to be called a theory, a scientific idea has to undergo a great deal of testing.

True

True or false: microbes are ubiquitous

True

True or false: if two microbes are of the same genus, they must be in the same class

True (A class includes the genus level of classification)

The term __________________ is used to refer to the fact that microbes exist nearly everywhere on the earth.

Ubiquitous

Genetic transfer from one organisms to its progeny is _____________ A. Horizontal B. Vertical

Vertical

When not present in a host, an individual virus is referred to as a _______________, or virus particle.

Virion

A ____________________ is a pathogen that must use an infected host cell's genetic and metabolic machinery for reproduction and assembly

Virus

A(n) _________________ is a microscopic agent, which is not cellular (,acellular) and is composed of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat.

Virus

Order the following items by size, using number: 1=smallest through 8=largest ________adenovirus __________helminths ________amoeba ___________coccus-shaped bacterium ________rickettsia ___________white blood cell ________protein ___________atom

__3____adenovirus ___8______helminths __7____amoeba ___5______coccus-shaped bacterium __4____rickettsia ___6______white blood cell __2____protein ___1_______atom

Microbiology

is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Such microscopic organisms are collectively referred to as microorganisms, microbes, or other terms depending on the kind of microbe or the purpose.

The deliberate manipulation of organisms by transferring genetic material from one organism to another, a type of genetic engineering, is known as ___________________________ DNA technology.

recombinant