Chapter 1-8
The dispersion of an idea or thing from a center of origin to more distant points is known as
spatial diffusion.
Geographers believe that the essential starting point for understanding how people live on and shape the earth's surface is recognizing
spatial patterns.
Geographers who focus their studies on one or a few related aspects of the physical environment or of human populations and societies are known as
systematic geographers.
An accumulation of rock fragments at the base of hills and mountains is called ________.
talus
Which of the following landforms results mainly from the effect of mass wasting or mass movement?
talus
With respect to U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps
the 1:24,000 series is complete for the contiguous United States and Hawaii.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the entire continental crust was connected in one supercontinent, from which the present day continents began to separate about
225 million years ago.
Which of the following are latitude and longitude coordinates?
45 degrees South, 120 degrees East
The most appropriate contour interval for relatively flat area is
5 feet.
Which type of map projection show true directions from one central point to all other points?
Azimuthal
The contour intervals are much greater for flatter surfaces than for mountainous and steeper slopes.
False
The only true formal geographic regions are recognized political entities such as states, provinces, and countries.
False
To a geographer, site and situation are interchangeable concepts.
False
The Ridge and Valley region of the eastern United States is the result of what force of diastrophism?
Folding
What is the relationship between moving water and its load?
Rapidly moving water has a greater stream load
What geographic unit is based on the recognition and mapping of spatial distributions - the spatial arrangement of environmental, human, or organizational features?
Regions
Which of the following is not considered a feature of the cultural landscape?
Soil
Which of the following is a result of mass movement?
Talus slopes
Which of the following is not true abut perceptual regions?
They are only expressed at a local scale
Which of the following is not true with respect to "places"?
They are unable to interact with other places
The term cultural landscape suggests the visible imprint of human activity upon the natural environment.
True
The federal agency that makes most of the topographic maps in the United States is
USGS.
Which of the following is not caused by diastrophism?
Volcanism
Since humans are the active agents in human-environmental interactions, people in general
are frequently unmindful of the dangers inappropriate environmental exploitation.
A zone of subduction is associated with the occurrence of
deep-sea trenches and mountain ranges.
Deep, U-shaped valleys that were carved out by glaciers and are below sea level today are known as
fiords.
Which of the following processes was responsible for the Ridge and Valley region of the eastern United States?
folding
Earth areas that display significant elements of uniformity are called
formal regions.
Which of the following groups contains processes caused only by mechanical weathering?
frost action, root action, development of salt crystals
The study of the origin, characteristics, and development of landforms is known as
geomorphology
The most common rock on the earth's surface is the Igneous rock
granite.
Karst topography is associated with
groundwater erosion
Absolute location
is a precise position on the surface of the globe.
Terrain created by an underground solution of limestone creating sinkholes and caverns is known as
karst topography.
The system of angular measurement for specifying a location distance north or south of the equator is known as
latitude.
Oxbow lakes form when rivers flow onto the more level land at the base of mountain slopes.
False
Because maps are factual, they can never distort the truth.
False
Although they are much less extensive today, glaciers covered a large part of the earth's land area during the last ice age which ended about
10,000 years ago.
Each time zone extends across approximately how many degrees of longitude?
15
Which of the following representative fractions would show the most detail on a map?
1:1,000,000
Given a map scale of 1: 63,360, how many inches on the map would be needed to represent 2 miles on the ground?
2 inches
A geographic information system contains
A data input component and a data management component
Which of the following is not one of the three principal causes of chemical weathering?
Capillary action
What term refers to the art, science and technology of making maps?
Cartography
What is the principal device to show elevation on a topographic map?
Contour lines
________ is the great pressure acting on the plates that deforms them by folding, twisting, warping, breaking, or compressing rock.
Diastrophism
Which of the following properties of a globe is not correct?
Due to the slight flattening of the earth in polar regions, parallels increase in length as one nears the poles
By combining the words 'geo' and 'graphein,' the name "geography" was reputedly coined over 2,200 year ago by the Greek scientists
Eratosthenes
The term "geography" was reportedly coined by which Greek scientist?
Eratosthenes
The discipline of geography traces its roots back to the early
Greeks.
Which of the following is not true of the natural landscape?
It determines how people live in a particular place.
Which of the following would not identify an absolute location?
Lower East Side of New York
Which of the following is not an erosional form caused by mountain glaciers?
Outwash plain
Which of the following is not one of the three everyday ways of assessing the space around us and identifying our position in relation to other things?
Perception
Which of the following statements regarding the physical characteristics of a place is not correct?
They dictate exactly the manner in which people will live in an area
The concept that, in a spatial sense, everything is related to everything else but relationships are stronger when things are near one another is known as
Tobler's First Law of Geography.
A false-color image is one on which colors do not appear natural.
True
A map scale is the ratio between distance on the map and distance on the ground.
True
Between the Middle Ages and the revival of geography in the 17th century, Muslim scholars were engaged in describing and analyzing their known world and its physical, cultural, and regional variation.
True
Geography may be described as the study of spatial variation.
True
Globalization refers to the increasing spatial interconnection of the world's social, cultural, and economic activities.
True
In the United States, the greatest loess deposits are found mainly in the Mississippi River basin.
True
Mesas are characterized by their resistant caprock.
True
The 24 time zones of the world are roughly centered on meridians at 15-degree intervals.
True
Every projection has some degree of distortion because
a curbed surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.
Which of the following distance measures refers to absolute distance?
a one-mile walk
A street address is an example of
absolute location.
As one crosses the International Date Line going westward, the calendar day should be moved
ahead one day.
A map that accurately portrays the shapes of small areas is called
conformal.
The prime meridian
connects the North and South Poles.
According to Strabo, the purpose of geography was to
describe known parts of the world and to asses the differences among countries.
The first step in developing a GIS is to create a digital record of geographic information known as a
digital depository.
Geographic information systems
emphasize the use of the map as a means of information storage.
When mapping numerical data, a cartographer should use a projection that is
equal-area.
A map on which one square inch represents an identical number of square miles anywhere on the map is called
equivalent.
The earth's curst is the outer, lighter portion of the
lithosphere
The relationship between the size of an area on a map and its actual size on the earth's surface is called the
map scale.
Which of the following landforms are found in the floodplains of humid areas?
natural levees, oxbow-shaped lakes
All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they
permit the accurate measurement of major features.
The breakup of rock into smaller fragments of the same material is called
physical weathering.
Which of the following is NOT a way to show a quantity at a point on a map?
pixels
Flowlines would not be used to represent
political boundaries.
"Out West" and "down South" are examples of
relative direction.
The term "location matters" refers to
relative location.
Which group of coastal features exists as the result of erosion by sea waves?
sea cliffs, headlands, embayments
The Richter scale is a well-known measure of the magnitude of
seismic waves.
If a map is called conformal, the it is in terms of
shape.
An equidistant projection
shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points.
The world's tallest mountains were formed by
the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
The word geography is derived from greek words meaning
the description of the earth.
Which one of the following best identifies the cultural landscape?
the natural landscape as modified by human occupancy
Geography is BEST described as
the study of how and why human and physical attributes vary from place to place on the surfaces of the earth.
Glaciers move because
the weight of snow causes compaction at the base and the formation of ice, which becomes platic-like
Many buildings collapsed when the country of Nepal was rocked by a powerful earthquake in 2015 due to the fact that
there was no reason to expect an earthquake in that region.
Which of the following is not a thematic map type?
topographic map
Based on survey lines oriented in the cardinal directions, the Land Ordinance of 1785 established a systematic survey known as
townships and range.
Under the survey system established by the Land Ordinances of 1785, land is divided into
townships and sections.
Geography differs from disciplines such as geology, meteorology, and cultural anthropology in that it
uses data from related disciplines to study spatial relationships.
The major volcanic belt is located near the major earthquake and fault zones because
volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults tend to be concentrated at or near plate boundaries.
Diffusion rates of ideas or things are least affected by
weather.