Chapter 1

Critical thinking is a(n) _____ process that involves engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers

Active

Critical thinking is a(n) _____ process that involves engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers.

Active

What are examples of the areas in which psychological animal research has provided benefits to human populations?

Alleviation of the effects of stress and pain Behavioral medicine Rehabilitation of neuromuscular disorders Drugs to treat anxiety and severe mental illness

Which approach to psychology emphasizes the role of physical processes such as brain and nervous system functioning?

Biological

When researchers gather evidence and examine it logically, they are using the _____ method.

Empirical

Critical thinking is the practice of evaluating ______.

Evidence

The______ approach uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.

Evolutionary approach

Animal research has provided no benefit to humans. T or F

False

The biological approach to psychology focuses on the brain and___ system

Nervous

Some psychologists argue that psychology should be value-free and morally neutral. Why do some psychologists think this would this be difficult to do?

Psychologists are human and therefore cannot be value-free, even if they try.

_____ is generally defined as the science of human behavior.

Psychology

______ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology

______ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Multiple choice question.

Psychology

Which psychological perspective examines the ways in which the social and cultural environments influence behavior?

Sociocultural approach

Psychology marks the spot where the mind and body meet. T or F

T

The field of psychology is essentially about

The Individual

Psychological research at colleges and universities must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB). T or F

True

Many psychologists believe that because psychologists are human, they cannot be _____, even if they try.

Value-free

Correlational research involves studies that are concerned with identifying the relationships between two or more _________ in order to describe how they change together.

Variables

Psychology is best characterized as

a general science practiced in several environments

Before it can be conducted, all psychological research is subject to review by

an institutional review board

What are significant ingredients in producing behavior, according to the biopsychosocial approach?

biological factors psychological factors social factors

The _____ perspective on human behavior asserts that biological, psychological, and social factors are all significant ingredients in producing behavior.

biopsychosocial

What are the contemporary approaches to psychological science?

cognitive behavioral humanistic sociocultural

Which psychological perspective focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing—that is, how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems?

cognitive approach

What are the three basic types of research used in psychology?

descriptive correlational experimental

Which of the following are types of psychological research?

descriptive experimental correlational

What are types of psychological research?

descriptive, correlational, experimental

The ______ method involves gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically.

empirical

What are the contemporary approaches to psychology that represent the intellectual backdrop of psychological science?

evolutionary sociocultural psychodynamic biological

Which is the psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors?

evolutionary approach

A(n) _____ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more variables believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other variables are held constant.

experiment

Which psychological perspective emphasizes a person's positive qualities, capability for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny?

humanistic approach

Researchers must submit their research proposal to an _____ review board that evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their college or university.

institutional

What are descriptive research methods?

interviews surveys observation case studies

What setting would researchers choose if they needed to remove the complex factors of the real world to conduct their research?

laboratory

A behaviorist might study

learning through environmental determinants

An experiment involves ______ one variable and observing the effect on another variable.

manipulating

What approach is practiced by a psychologist who believes that the way people think, feel, and behave are influenced by sexual and aggressive impulses that are buried deep within the unconscious mind?

psychodynamic approach

Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives and society's demands, and early family experiences?

psychodynamic approach

Correlational research involves gathering data on

sets of variables

The ______ examines the influences of social and cultural environments on behavior.

sociocultural approach

The behavioral perspective

suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study.

In psychological research, the population is

the group about which the researcher would like to draw conclusions.

Overall, psychology may concern itself with the nervous system, emotion and motivation, and mind and body. However, it is essentially all about_______

the individual

One must consume psychological information in the media

with a critical eye.

The ______ approach focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.

Cognitive

Laboratory research is conducted in a(n) __ setting.

Controlled

_____ research serves the purpose of determining the basic dimensions of a phenomenon and defining what it is or how often it occurs, but it cannot provide causal information.

Descriptive

________ research serves the purpose of determining the basic dimensions of a phenomenon and defining what it is or how often it occurs, but it cannot provide causal information.

Descriptive

The steps in the scientific method do include

Drawing conclusions, formulating hypothesis and predictions and, observing some phenomenon