Chapter 1

Which are the last (top) two layers of the OSI model?

Presentation Application

Which TCP/IP model layer might also be described as the Host-to-Host layer?

The Transport layer.

True or False: Fragmentation is the process of dividing the contents of large messages into smaller packets for delivery over an internetwork.

True

Which OSI layer packages bits of data from the Physical layer into frames?

Data link

Consider the features of Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and determine what role encapsulation performs during communications.

Describes how data should be packaged.

Differentiate between the characteristics of a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN).

A LAN is a network with one geographic location while a WAN is spread across multiple geographic locations with shared links.

A WAN describes which of the following network topologies?

A WAN must be spread over multiple geographical locations. The number of devices doesn't matter.

At which OSI layer do programs on a network node access network services?

Application

which OSI layer do programs access network services?

Application

top two layers of the OSI model (layers 6 and 7)

Application & Presentation

The TCP/IP model condenses 3 OSI layers to create the Application layer. what are they?

Application Presentation Session

At which layer of the OSI model does IP addressing take place?

At the Network layer (layer 3), the Internet Protocol (IP) provides logical host and network addressing and routing. IP provides best-effort delivery of an unreliable and connectionless nature. Delivery is not guaranteed, and a packet might be lost, delivered out of sequence, duplicated, or delayed.

Dividing the contents of large messages into smaller packets for delivery over an internetwork is known as

fragmentation

a device found at the Physical layer of the OSI model

hub

HTTP

protocols that resides at the Application layer of the OSI model

What is the purpose of Layer 4 of the OSI model?

to regulates data transfer using TCP or UDP.

What is fragmentation

Dividing the contents of large messages into smaller packets for delivery over an internetwork

2 or more computer system that are linked together by some form of transmission medium. (wi-fi or cable)

Network

Which OSI layer handles the concept of logical addressing?

Network

What OSI model layer transmits bits from one device to another and modulates the transmission stream over a medium?

Physical

layer of the OSI model that does not add a header to the data payload

Physical-The Physical layer is the only layer that does not add a header to the data.

The OSI model consists of how many layers?

Seven Layers

Summarize the functions of the Link layer in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol stack.

The Link layer defines the host's connection to the network media and includes the hardware and software involved in the interchange of frames between hosts.

the functions of the Link layer in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol stack

The Link layer defines the host's connection to the network media and includes the hardware and software involved in the interchange of frames between hosts.

At which sublayer of the OSI model do network adapter cards operate?

The MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer

which layer of the OSI model does the TCP/IP model Internet layer correspond?

The Network layer (layer 3)

What layer of the OSI model does NOT add a header to the data payload?

The Physical layer is the only layer that does not add a header to the data.

At which OSI layer is the concept of a port number introduced?

Transport

Which TCP/IP model layer might also be described as the Host-to-Host layer?

Transport layer (layer 4)

True or False? The IEEE 802.11 standard represents unbounded media (wireless), while the IEEE 802.3 standard represents bounded media (wired).

True

Which organization is responsible for the development of Internet standards?

IETF-Internet Engineering Task Force

what role does encapsulation performs during communications

Encapsulation describes how data should be packaged for transmission. The basic process of encapsulation is for the protocol to add fields in a header to whatever data (payload) it receives from an application or other protocol.

Which layers of the OSI model correspond to the TCP/IP model's Application layer?

Session, Presentation, Application

Compare the OSI model and the TCP/IP protocol stack .

The Application layer of TCP/IP consolidates Layers 5-7 of the OSI model.

A WAN describes what network topologies

A network that spans more than one geographical location

What component is responsible for translating the computer's digital signals into electrical or optical signals that travel on network cable?

A transceiver

True or false: the Session layer is responsible for passing data to the Network layer at the lower bound and the Presentation layer at the upper bound.

False The Session layer is between the Transport and Presentation layers.

Which of the following is a device found at the Physical layer of the OSI model?

Hub Hubs, repeaters, modems, and transceivers are all found at the Physical layer(1).

layer of the OSI model that IP addressing take place

Layer 3

Importance of the content of packets and port numbers comes in at what OSI model layer

Layer 4-Transport

TCP and UDP occur at what level

Layer 4-Transport layer on both the OSI and TCP/IP models

which layer of the OSI model does the TCP/IP model Internet layer correspond?

Network layer (layer 3)

What is the purpose of Layer 4 of the OSI model?

One of the critical functions of the Transport layer is to identify each type of network application by assigning it a TCP/UDP port number. For example, data from the HTTP web browsing application can be identified as port 80, while data from an email server can be identified as port 25.

A packet is being sent from Network 1 to Network 4. The shortest route is for the packet to use the path 1234. A router fails at Network 3 and the packet uses an alternate path of 1254. This scenario depicts the application of which of the following technology?

Packet switching

What is Packet switching

Packet switching introduces the ability for one host to forward information to another using any available path. A packet switching protocol is described as robust because it can automatically recover from communications link failures

role of Layer 6 in the OSI model.

The Presentation layer (layer 6) transforms data between the format required for the network and the format required for the application. For example, the Presentation layer is used for character set conversion.

Summarize the role of Layer 6 in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model.

Transforms data between the format required for the network and the format required for the application.

Which OSI layer is responsible for establishing reliable connections between two devices?

Transport

Bit

data unit used at the OSI physical layer

Network Interface Card & Bridge

devices that are part of Layer 2 of the OSI model