Chapter 1

_______is an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and Java.

Android

_______ is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations.

Arithmetic unit

_______is a type of computer language that uses English-like abbreviations for machine-language instructions.

Assembly language

_______ initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX operating system.

C language

The _______ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories.

C++ language

_______ is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all the other logical units.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

_______ are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily.

High level languages

A(n) _______ provides many tools that support the software development process, such as editors for writing and editing programs, debuggers for locating logic errors in programs, and many other features.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

_______ is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions.

Logical unit

_______ and _______ are logical units of the computer that retain information.

Memory unit , secondary storage

_______is a logical unit of the computer that sends information which has already been processed by the computer to various devices so that it may be used outside the computer.

Output unit

_______ software is generally feature complete and (supposedly) bug free and ready for use by the community.

Release candidate

_______ is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use an industry-standard notation to represent them.

The Unified Modeling Language (UML)

The Wii Remote, as well as many smartphones, uses a(n) _______ which allows the device to respond to motion.

accelerometer

The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered _______ of the object's class.

attributes

C++ programmers concentrate on creating _______ , which contain data members and the member functions that manipulate those data members and provide services to clients.

classes

The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called ______ .

compilers

The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called _______ .

computer programming

C++ programs normally go through six phases— _______ , _______ , _______ , _______ , _______ and _______ .

edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, and execute

C++ programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) _______ program.

editor

Objects have the property of _______ —although objects may know how to communicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented.

information hiding

With _______ , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own.

inheritance

The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is the ______.

input unit

The key logical units of the computer are the _______ , _______ , _______ , _______ , _______ and _______ .

input unit, output unit, memory unit, central processing unit, arithmetic and logic unit, secondary storage unit.

The _______ program combines the output of the compiler with various library functions to produce an executable program.

linker

The _______ program transfers the executable program from disk to memory.

loader

The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer's _______ .

machine language

The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are _______ , _______ and _______ .

machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages.

The process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view is called _______ .

object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

In a C++ system, a(n) _______ program executes before the compiler's translation phase begins.

preprocessor

Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called _____.

programs

You're probably wearing on your wrist one of the world's most common types of objects— a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a watch: object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for example, an alarm clock), modeling, messages, encapsulation, interface and information hiding.

- Object: The watch itself - Attributes: Brand, color, type, model - Behaviors: Displaying time and allowing adjustments - Class: A clock is a class from which the object watch is derived. It holds several attributes and functions. The attributes and functioning will be similar but the values of the attributes may vary for each object. - Inheritance: It inherits properties of an alarm clock object, date object - Abstraction: The watch's mechanism is not known to user. The user only sees the outer appearance and function. - Modeling: A watch is modeled by adding various functions like displaying time, setting time, rotating needles, etc. - Messages: When the key rod of the watch is rotated, a message is sent to the watch to adjust time accordingly - Encapsulation: The mechanism such as how the needles in a watch rotate and how the time is set are encapsulated in a watch. - Interface: An interface between the user and the machine inside a watch would allow getting and setting the time. The key rod is an interface to the watch. - Information hiding: Details such as how the time is set when the key rod is rotated and how the time is being displayed are hidden. The inner functioning and implementation are encapsulated in the machine.