Chapter 1 Chemistry

12) Who discovered the atomic theory? A) John Dalton B) Antoine Lavoisier C) Nivaldo Tro D) John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier E) none of the above

A) John Dalton

3) A good definition of chemistry is: A) the science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what atoms and molecules do. B) the science that seeks to understand what living organisms do by studying the molecules that make up the organism. C) the science that seeks to understand what the universe does by studying interactions of molecules with atoms. D) the science that seeks to understand the interactions of molecules for the sake of advancing human control over nature. E) none of the above

A) the science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what atoms and molecules do.

9) Who discovered the law of conservation of mass? A) John Dalton B) Antoine Lavoisier C) Nivaldo Tro D) John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier E) none of the above

B) Antoine Lavoisier

17) Which of the following is considered a hypothesis (as opposed to an observation)? A) Spiders have eight legs. B) Birds can fly because they have hollow bones. C) Fresh lava from a volcano is hot. D) The Washington Monument is 555 feet tall. E) none of the above

B) Birds can fly because they have hollow bones.

10) Which of the following is an example of a scientific law? A) All matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. B) In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. C) When a can of soda pop is opened, a fizzing sound is heard. D) Flammable objects contain phlogiston. E) none of the above

B) In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed

14) A sample of wood with a mass of 3.0 grams was burned in an open dish. The ashes weighed 1.2 grams. What happened to the rest of the wood? A) The remaining mass was destroyed. B) The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into gaseous compounds. C) Nothing, the burned wood simply has a mass of 1.2 grams. D) The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into heat. E) none of the above

B) The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into gaseous compounds.

11) What is the definition of a scientific theory? A) a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones B) a model that explains the underlying reasons for observations and laws C) the equivalent of a scientific opinion which others may disagree with D) a method of learning that emphasizes reason as the way to understand the world E) none of the above

B) a model that explains the underlying reasons for observations and laws

1) Which of the following statements about soda pop is FALSE? A) Soda pop is a chemical mixture of mostly sugar, water and carbon dioxide. B) The molecules important to fizzing are carbon dioxide and water. C) The carbon dioxide is forced to mix with the water by the presence of sugars. D) When a can is opened, the pressure release allows carbon dioxide to form bubbles. E) All of the above statements are true

C) The carbon dioxide is forced to mix with the water by the presence of sugars.

4) Which statement about the scientific method is TRUE? A) The scientific method emphasizes reason as the way to understand the world. B) The scientific method emphasizes observation and reason as the way to understand the world. C) The scientific method emphasizes observation and experimentation as the way to understand the world. D) The scientific method emphasizes scientific laws as the way to understand the world. E) All of the above statements are false.

C) The scientific method emphasizes observation and experimentation as the way to understand the world.

13) Which of the following is an example of an observation? A) All matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. B) Reactions occur due to the transfer of electrons. C) When a can of soda pop is opened, a fizzing sound is heard. D) Flammable objects contain phlogiston. E) none of the above

C) When a can of soda pop is opened, a fizzing sound is heard

8) What term best describes a brief statement that summarizes many past observations and predicts new ones? A) experiment B) hypothesis C) scientific law D) theory E) none of the above

C) scientific law

15) Which statement accurately describes the purpose of experiments? A) Experiments are designed to produce the results predicted by a theory. B) Experiments can be replaced by a simple, logical reasoning of known facts. C) Experiments are designed to produce unexplainable results for further investigation. D) Experiments look for other observable predictions of a theory. E) none of the above

D) Experiments look for other observable predictions of a theory

16) Which of the following would be considered a theory? A) Glass is fragile. B) Hot air rises. C) Gasoline has a very strong odor. D) Helium balloons float because helium is less dense than air.

D) Helium balloons float because helium is less dense than air.

19) Which statement would NOT be an example of "quantification"? A) The newest model of that car gets five more miles per gallon than last year's model. B) The price of milk went up ten cents per gallon. C) The average high temperature this July was two degrees higher than last year's average high temperature. D) The water in the swimming pool feels colder than it was yesterday. E) none of the above

D) The water in the swimming pool feels colder than it was yesterday.

7) The definition of a scientific law is: A) the same as a hypothesis. B) a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation. C) the underlying reason for a scientific theory. D) a number of similar observations generalized into a brief statement summarizing past observations and predicting new ones. E) none of the above

D) a number of similar observations generalized into a brief statement summarizing past observations and predicting new ones.

2) Which of the following items does NOT contain chemicals? A) drain cleaner B) organically grown vegetables C) air D) insecticides E) All of the above contain chemicals.

E) All of the above contain chemicals.

6) Which statement about a hypothesis is TRUE? A) It is a tentative interpretation or explanation. B) It has the potential to be proven wrong. C) It can be tested by experiments. D) It is part of the scientific method. E) All of the above statements are true.

E) All of the above statements are true.

5) Which of the statements below is NOT part of the scientific method? A) observation and measurement B) formation of a hypothesis C) testing of a hypothesis by experimentation D) refinement of a hypothesis as needed E) All of the above steps are part of the scientific method.

E) All of the above steps are part of the scientific method.

18) The key to success in chemistry is: A) curiosity. B) mathematical skills. C) commitment. D) practice. E) all of the above

E) all of the above