Chapter 1: Healthy People 2020

Four major groups included

(1) infants, (2) children, (3) teenagers/young adults and (4) older adults and the geriatric population

Issues: Geriatric Health

1) reducing the number of illnesses and deaths related to vaccine-preventable illnesses by increasing the number of adults over age 65 who receive annual vaccines against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, (2) reducing the number of hip fractures (more than 75% of which occur in elderly females), and (3) increasing the availability of diagnostic tools that can decrease the number of undiagnosed dementia cases.

Leading Health indicators for 2020

1. Access to health services, including the availability of a primary-care provider for people with or without medical insurance. 2. Clinical preventive services, including recommended vaccines and immunizations (Figure 1-1). 3. Environmental quality, including air quality inside and outside the home. 4. Injury and violence, including unintentional fatal injuries and homicide. 5. Maternal, infant, and child health, including preventing prematurity and infant deaths. 6. Mental health, including preventing depression and suicide. 7. Oral health, including increasing the number of people older than 2 years who use the oral-care health system each year. 8. Reproductive and sexual health, including sexually active females who use reproductive health services and access to care for persons with HIV. 9. Nutrition, physical activity, and obesity, including increasing the number of persons who meet federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity and increasing the consumption of vegetables 10. Social determinants, including increasing the number of students who graduate with a regular diploma 4 years after ninth grade. 11. Substance abuse, including decreasing the number of adolescents and adults who abuse alcohol or illicit drugs. 12. Tobacco, including reducing adolescent and adult use of tobacco

The eight new topic areas of Healthy People 2020:

1. Adolescent health including blood disorders and safety. 2. Early and middle childhood, genomics. 3. Global health; health-care associated infections. 4. Health related quality of life, including gay, lesbian, and transgender health. 5. Older adults, including those with dementia. 6. Preparedness. 7. Sleep health. 8. Social determinants of health.

Healthy People 2020

An evidence based 10 year report card describing health-care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010. It is also a prescription or what needs to be done between now and the year 2020.

55 - 64 years and older

Cancer Heart disease Respiratory disease Unintentional injury Diabetes mellitus (Leifer 7)

45 - 54 years

Cancer Heart disease Unintentional injury Suicide

Younger than 1 Year

Congenital anomalies Disorders related to premature birth Sudden infant death syndrome Maternal pregnancy complications Sepsis, respiratory distress

Healthy People 2020

Every 10 years, provides a snapshot of progress, trends, and issues, and it highlights future needs in health care by identifying specific goals. Goals and objectives are revised periodically based on accomplishments and needs.

Issues: Older Adult Health

Goals for older adults include improving health, function, and quality of life. The goals of increasing physical activity, self-management of chronic diseases, use of health services, and training of caregivers will aid in achieving these objectives.

Who is Healthy People 2020 published by?

Health

Over 65 years of age

Heart disease Cancer Respiratory disease Stroke Dementia

Role of healthcare worker for Healthy People 2020

Increasing the use of prenatal services, which reduces the occurrence of low-birth-weight newborns and prematurity. Promoting breastfeeding, which increases the health of the newborn and bonding between mother and infant. Educating the school-age child about nutrition, diet and exercise, smoking and drug use, and healthy lifestyles. Promoting health through employer-sponsored programs. Providing health-education services to patients in managed-care organizations. Identifying health risks through screening programs, which can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Encouraging older adults to participate in at least one organized health-promotion activity.

Behaviors

Individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions. Behaviors can have a reciprocal relationship to biology (i.e., each can react to the other).

Social environment

Interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community. It also encompasses social institutions, such as law enforcement, the workplace, places of worship, and schools. Housing, public transportation, and the presence or absence of violence in the community

Health status

Measured by birth and death rates, life expectancy, morbidity from specific disease, access to health care, and health-insurance coverage, as well as other factors. These factors are reported in publications such as Healthy People Review or Health, United States.

Biology

Refers to the individual's genetic makeup (those factors with which he or she is born), family history (which may suggest risk for disease), and the physical and mental health problems acquired during life.

Leading Health Indicators

Selected high-priority issues for the current 10-year period

What has been included for the first time in Healthy People 2020?

Social issues, preparedness, and global health have

Adolescent and Young-Adult Health

The Healthy People 2020 goal is to reduce the death rate by increasing the proportion of schools that provide comprehensive health education in order to prevent health problems related to injuries, violence, suicides, tobacco and drug use, unintentional pregnancy, STDs, and unhealthy diets and activity lifestyles.

Issues: Prenatal and Infant Health

The leading areas of progress between the years 2000 and 2010 include reducing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with the back-to-sleep educational program that urges parents to place infants on their backs rather than on their abdomen when putting their infants down for a nap or for the night, and promoting the use of folic-acid supplements early in pregnancy to reduce congenital malformations such as spina bifida

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of deaths that occur before 1 year of age per 1000 live births.

Issues: Childhood Health

The overall goals for this population are to increase health literacy and to improve the quality, availability, and effectiveness of community-based programs designed to prevent disease and to improve health.

Determinants of Health

The range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status. These can include individual behavior and biological and genetic factors.

Overarching goals of Healthy People 2020

To enable the nation to achieve health equity, to eliminate disparities, and to create a social and physical environment that promotes good health, quality of life, healthy development, and positive health behaviors across all life stages

1-4 years

Unintentional injuries Birth defects Homicide Cancer

5-14 Years

Unintentional injuries Cancer Homicide, suicide Heart/respiratory disease.

15 - 24 years

Unintentional injuries Homicide Suicide Cancer Heart disease

25 - 34 Years

Unintentional injuries Suicide Homicide Cancer Heart disease (Leifer 7)

35 - 44 years

Unintentional injury Cancer Heart disease Suicide

Physical environment

Which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted. However, the physical environment also contains less tangible elements, such as radiation and ozone. (Leifer 5)

Life expectancy

the average number of years a person born in a given year is expected to live.