Chapter 1: Introduction to Organizational Management and Leadership
What is successful management?
"A blend of craft (experience), art (insight), and science (analysis)
What is Organizational Management?
"A subset of management that is the art of applying general principles of systematic planning and problem solving to skillfully direct and supervise united efforts to meet the organization's goals."
Organizational Levels
"An organization is made of 3 levels, each with a corresponding level of management"
Why are Managers important?
"Because they are responsible for using resources, both financial and human, to increase performance and profits." -Managers must give employees a vision of what is possible
What is the key to BSC's effectiveness?
"Its ability to encompass financial and nonfinancial matters and link them to the organization's strategy"
What are Operational managers responsible for?
"Operational, or front-line, managers ensure that the day-to-day activities and operations in an organization are carried out efficiently and effectively."
What is a fundamental quality that a manager must have according to Jack Welch?
"Self confidence" and "believing that one can achieve great things"
What do Operational managers do?
"Take the goals devised by tactical managers and devise specific goals and action plans to ensure a positive outcome"
What book did Kouzes and Posner write?
"The Leadership Challenge"
Power
"The ability of "A" to influence the behavior of "B"--so that "B" complies with "As" wishes"
What is emotional intelligence?
"The ability of an individual to detect the emotional cues of others and adapt his or her feelings and behaviors accordingly."
Span of Control
"The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager" *Napoleon Bonaparte considered 5 subordinates to be the optimal number that should report to a single manager
What is Strategic management?
"The set of decisions and actions that result in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve an organization's objectives"
Trust
"The willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a particular action important to the trustor..."
What is the responsibility held by TRM teams?
"To balance the demand for greater profits while remaining environmentally sensitive"
Why do managers engage in interpersonal roles?
"To provide direction and supervision for both the organization as a whole and the employees within the organization"
What are the 10 different managerial roles?
- Figurehead; Leader; Liaison -Monitor; Spokesperson; Disseminator -Entrepreneur; Disturbance handler; Resource allocator; negotiator
Principles of Followership/Leadership
-An effective follower must be willing to tell the truth -Followers who tell the truth and leaders who listen are an unbeatable combination
What do Tactical Managers do?
-Commonly referred to as middle managers -Supervise first line managers and find the best way to utilize human and nonhuman resources in order to achieve the goals received from the organization's top managers -They define HOW to implement the strategic plan
What are some examples of functions?
-Finance -Human Resources -Operations -Executive
What are some examples of middle managers?
-Project managers -District managers
What are some of the tools of strategic managers?
-SWOT analysis -Balanced Scorecard
What are the different types of organizational structures?
-Simple Structure -Functional Structure -Divisional Structure -Matrix Organization
Managerial skills
-Technical skills -Human skills -Conceptual skills *Determined in the 1970s by Robert Katz
What are the Characteristics of Successful Managers?
-build relationships of trust -ability to motivate workers -adapt to change -communicate effectively -maintain relationships with external and internal customers in order to understand the changes in consumer preferences -High self-esteem -High self-efficacy
What are the three levels of management?
1) Strategic Management 2) Tactical Management 3) Operational Management
What are the 3 Managerial Decision Styles?
1. Autocratic 2. Democratic 3. Laissez-Faire *Neither the democratic nor autocratic decision style is inherently bad
Principles of Followership
1. Consideration of followership is the responsibility of leadership 2. Within an organization the role of followership is as important as the role of leadership 3. By mastering the role of followership, a subordinate prepares for the role of leadership
What 2 types of managers generally run an organization?
1. General 2. Functional *Executive level of management oversees the entire organization of both functional and general managers.
According to Kouzes and Posner, What are five dimensions of trust?
1. Integrity 2. Competence 3. Consistency 4. Loyalty 5. Openness
What are the 3 categories of managerial roles?
1. Interpersonal 2. Informational 3. Decisional
Different types of followers:
1. Isolates 2. Bystanders 3. Participants 4. Activists 5. Diehards
What are 5 Types of Power
1. Legitimate 2. Reward 3. Coercive 4. Expert 5. Referent
Managers vs. Leaders
1. Management is about coping with complexity, while leadership is about coping with change 2. The terms managers and leaders refer to different skills and abilities
What are the four functions of management?
1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Controlling 4. Leading
What are the five dimensions of emotional intelligence?
1. Self awareness 2. Self management 3. Self motivation 4. Empathy 5. Social skills
What are the two classifications for leadership?
1. Transactional 2. Transofrmational
Self-efficacy
A person's self-evaluation of their ability to perform a task successfully
What does a Transactional Leader do?
A transactional leader guides followers to achieve organizational goals. They clarify roles and task requirements. They define the purpose oft he organization's existence to followers and then provide them with the plans and means to attain goals.
What does a Transformational Leader do?
A transformational leader channels the efforts of those in the organization by ensuring followers are aware of the issues, paying attention tot he concerns of followers, and inspiring followers to achieve organizational goals. They exhibit charisma, the ability to affect followers and inspire extraordinary accomplishment.
Managerial roles
Are tasks a manager is expected to perform based on the position he or she holds in the organization
What does a Monitor do?
Assessment of the external and/or internal environment
Empathy
Being able to feel another's pain or suffering
Self Awareness
Being aware of what one is feeling
What does a Disseminator do?
Communicates information received from the environment to members of the organization
What does a Spokesperson do?
Conveys information to the public or speaks on behalf of the organization
Diehards
Deeply devoted to their leaders and exhibit an all-consuming dedication to someone or something they deem worthy. These followers are extreme in their devotion and can be an asset or a liability to their leaders
Isolates
Detached from the organization and do not acre about, or respond to, their leaders. Support the status quo and strengthen leaders who already have an upper hand; and as a result, they can drag down their organizations. *Are more likely to bee found in large organizations
What does a Resource allocator do?
Determines where in the organization to send resources, provides a budget for a project, or sets project priorities
What is BSC?
Developed by Kaplan and Norton, the balanced scorecard (BSC) gives managers a comprehensive look at an organization
Participants
Engaged in the organization and care enough to try to make an impact. When they support their leaders, participants are highly sought-after.
Activists
Feel strongly, one way or another, about their organization and leaders, and act accordingly. They are eager, energetic, engaged, and heavily invested in people and processes. *Activists will work hard either on behalf of their leader or to undermine and even unseat them
Who first discussed the 5 types of power?
French and Raven
What is Coercive power?
Having the ability to FORCE compliance -- this type of power does not have to have tangible results.
What is Reward power?
Having the ability to give something that an employee values as a reward (or to withhold a reward) to manage employee behaviors.
What is important about Henry Mintzberg?
He did a study in 1960 on what executives did on their jobs. He concluded that managers perform 10 different managerial roles that are grouped into three categories: interpersonal, informational, and decisional.
What did Yukl do?
He summarized the general duties of a manager in six points (Page 10.)
Ineffective managers
In a 12 year study by the Hagberg Consulting group, 25 percent of executives in high technology companies were deemed to be ineffective managers
What is Openness?
It is about managers communicating effectively with their employees without hidden agendas
What is competence?
It is an interpersonal and technical skill
Who wrote "A Force for Change"
John Kotter
What is Leadership?
Leeadership is the ability to influence others and is dependent on whether the leader possesses that which the followers seek. It also involves coping with change.
What does a Liaison do?
Maintains a network with contacts outside of the organization
What does a Negotiator do?
Makes organizational decisions to represent the organization at major negotiations
Self-esteem
Managers with self-esteem believe that they have the ability to succeed, regardless of the circumstance
What does a Leader do?
Motivates and directs employees
Bystanders
Observe from the sidelines and disengage from their leaders and their organizations. Bystanders may go along passively when it is in their self-interest to do so, but are not motivated to engage.
What is Expert power?
Power an individual has when they possess special knowledge, skill, or ability that others lack.
What is Legitimate power?
Power held by a title, irrespective of the person who has the title.
What is Integrity?
Requires honesty and trustworthiness *Of the five, this is the most critical
What does a Functional Manager do?
Responsible for oversight of the resources within one specialized department in the organization
What does an Entrepreneur do?
Searches the organization and the industry market for opportunities and anticipates choosing an opportunity to become a reality
What does a Disturbance handler do?
Takes corrective actions when the organization experiences unexpected disturbances
Social Skills
The ability to communicate effectively with others
Self Management
The ability to manage one's emotions and impulses accordingly
Self Motivation
The ability to persist in the face of adversity
What is Consistency?
The correlation between what a leader says and what a leader does and the uniformity of those actions
What is Referent power?
The display of admirable characteristics that others seek to possess. *Charismatic persons and celebrities have this type of power
What do Effective Transformational leaders rely on?
The expression of feelings to help convey a message
What is a Figurehead?
The symbolic head of the organization
What Is Loyalty?
The willingness to remain faithful to the interests of others and a concern for followers
What is TRM?
Total Responsibility Management
I will pass this test?
True
True or False: Management and leadership are not synonymous and both are needed for an organization to succeed
True
What are the components of the strategic management process?
a) Strategy formulation b) Strategy implementation c) Strategy evaluation
