Chapter 1. Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

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Above

Name the smallest particle with a unique chemical identity.

Atom

Place the levels of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, from the smallest/simplest at the top to the largest/most complex at the bottom

Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

The receptors located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses that trigger autonomic reflexes in response to fluctuations in blood pressure are known as ____.

Baroreceptors

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Below

The term for a dead human body used for dissection is ___.

Cadaver

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

Cell

Which studies human body functions by examining how other species function?

Comparative physiology

The term for the process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships is ___.

Dissection

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Effector

The general process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body is called ___.

Excretion

The practice of diagnosing illness by opening a body is known as what type of surgery?

Exploratory

True or false: The study of ultrastructure focuses on examining individual cells, but not the fine details of cells.

False

Which languages are most medical terms derived from?

Greek & Latin

Which branch of medicine examines tissues for disease?

Histopathology

What is the act of looking at the body called?

Inspection

A(n) ___ is made up of two or more atoms.

Molecule

Blood pressure is controlled by a ___ feedback mechanism.

Negative

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

Organ

What is a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions called?

Organelle

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

Organism

What is the act of tapping the body to feel for abnormal resistance or listen for sounds called?

Percussion

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Physiological variations

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism?

Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

Which branch of medicine is concerned with imaging, such as with X-rays?

Radiology

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n) ____.

Receptor

A prefix and a ___ are word-elements that modify the core meaning of the root.

Suffix

An aggregation of cells and extra cellular materials, which performs a discrete function, is known as a(n) _____.

Tissue

Acronyms are terms that do which of the following?

Use the first letter of a series of words

endo-

Within, inside

The suffix ___ means study of.

ology

An organelle is best described as which of the following?

A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function

In performing a physical examination, the act of listening to sounds made by the busy is known as ___.

Auscultation

Evolutionary trends between species are often studied in which discipline?

Comparative anatomy

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) ___ equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point.

Dynamic

The "duct of Santorini" is an example of the use of a(n) ___.

Eponym

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?

Gross

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of _____ concentration to a region of _____ concentration.

Higher, lower

Which theory states that there are emergent properties of the whole organism that cannot be understood by its individual parts?

Holism

Proteins and DNA are which of the following?

Macromolecules

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse change, restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback?

Negative

Purged eponyms from terminology and included only Latin terms. Devised in the late 1800s.

Nomina Anatomica

The sub discipline of physiology that is concerned with the mechanisms of disease is __.

Pathophysiology

___ is the study of the function of a biological organism.

Physiology

Which structure enclosed a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

Contractions during childbirth is an example of a ___ feedback mechanism.

Positive

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Positive

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ ____.

System

Included Latin and commonly used English terms. Devised in 1998.

Terminologica Anatomica

True or false: As much as 30% of the human population can have variations in their anatomy.

True

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Two