chapter 1 of intor to nutrition study gide

Kilocalorie

amount of energy required to raisethe temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C

Proteins

are chains of amino acids• Can supply 4 kcal of energy per gram, but arenot usually a primary energy source• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, andnitrogen• Protein sources include meats, dairy products,seeds, nuts, and legumes

Fats

are composed of lipids, molecules that areinsoluble in water• Provide 9 kcal per gram• Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen• Found in butter, margarine, vegetable oils(such as canola oil, olive oil, sunflower oil,and more)

Carbohydrates

are the primary source of fuel forthe body, especially for the brain• Provide 4 kcal per gram• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen• Found in grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes,dairy, nuts, and seeds

Healthy People 2030 Nutrients: chemicals in foods that are critical tohuman growth and function• There are six groups of essential nutrients foundin foods

carbohydrates• vitamins• fats and oils• minerals• proteins• water

Molecules:

groups of atoms bonded in specificconfigurations

Minerals

inorganic substances required for bodyprocesses• Minerals include sodium, calcium, iron,potassium, and magnesium• Minerals have many different functions, such asfluid regulation and energy production; areessential to bones and blood; and help eliminateharmful by-products of metabolism

Macronutrients

nutrients required in relativelylarge amounts• Provide energy• Carbohydrates, fats and oils, proteins

Micronutrients

nutrients required in smalleramounts• Vitamins and minerals

Atoms

the smallest units of matte