Chapter 1: Photosynthesis and Plant Growth

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because it takes in more energy than it gives out

Define and describe photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make glucose using light.

What do plants need to make certain vital chemicals such as proteins and chlorophyll?

They need mineral salts from the soils

What happens if plants do not receive the minerals they need?

They suffer from deficiency diseases

The energy needed for photosynthesis is trapped for the plant by?

chlorophyll

name a green pigment which absorbs light for photosynthesis

chlorophyll

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis in a plant?

light levels, carbon dioxide levels and temperature

Name the gas given off in photosynthesis

oxygen

Green plants make their own food during the process of?

photosynthesis

Some of the food made by plants is stored as insoluble?

starch

Explain the relationship between chlorophyll and chloroplasts

the chloroplasts contain the chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast. The chloroplasts function is to carry out photosynthesis in the plant to provide it with energy.

What are the green parts of plant cells called?

Chloroplasts

What is the function of the chloroplast in a plant?

Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast. The chloroplasts function is to carry out photosynthesis in the plant to provide it with energy.

What is the function of the cell membrane in a plant?

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.

What is the function of the vacuole in a plant?

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid. These membrane-bound structures are basically just enclosed compartments that are filled with both inorganic and organic molecules, along with water to support the organelle. Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. Vacuoles might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.

Where do gases move in and out of the leaves of a plant?

Gases move in and out of the leaves of a plant through pores called stomata

Explain the difference between photosynthesis and respiration

One difference of photosynthesis and respiration is that their process is being reversed. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water is yielded to glucose or also known as sugar and oxygen while in respiration, it is the other way around. Sugar and oxygen is yielded to carbon dioxide and water.

What two substances are taken in by the plant and used for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide & water

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water--> glucose (sugar) + oxygen uses light energy & chlorophyll

What is the function of the cell wall in a plant?

Strengthens the cell. Provide support and limited plasticity, prevent loss of water, protection from insects and pathogens, filter, prevent over expansion caused by too much water.

Why do plants need water?

They need water for photosynthesis- without it they cannot make glucose. They also need water to maintain the structure of the cells so they can support the stems and leaves.

Explain the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplast

- Chlorophyll is a light-absorbing plant molecule while chloroplasts are plant organelles. - Chlorophyll paves the way for light to create the process of photosynthesis, at the same time, it is the chloroplasts that organize and conduct the whole process. - Chlorophyll has two kinds. Chloroplasts have no kinds. - Chlorophyll enables the green pigment in plants while chloroplasts are coloured green because of the chlorophyll. - Aside from the green pigment, chlorophyll also has carotenoids, which are red and yellow pigments. Chloroplasts do not produce pigments at all. - Chloroplasts are found in great concentrations in the plant's leaves. Chlorophylls are found inside the chloroplasts. - Chlorophylls are part of the chloroplasts while chloroplasts are part of the plant cell.

Explain the difference between palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll

- The palisade layer consists of closely packed cylindrical/rectangular cells, while the spongy layer has loosely packed cells with many air pockets. - Cells mentioned above are cylindrical/rectangular in the case of palisade layer, and cells in the spongy layer are rounder in shape - Cells of the palisade layer contain more chloroplasts than the cells of the spongy mesophyll layer. A probable reason is that since the spongy layer is comparatively much further into the leaf, it doesn't get as much sunlight as the palisade, which is a lot closer to the surface

Give two environmental conditions which can slow down the growth of a plant, even when it has plenty of water

- lack of light - lack of oxygen - lack of minerals - temperature too low

What is the function of the nucleus in a plant?

It stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include intermediary metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). (Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.

What is the function of the cytoplasm in a plant?

Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes.

How do people manage the growth of plants?

People manage the growth of plants in a number of ways including providing extra mineral salts through fertilizers and controlling the limiting factors in greenhouses

What is photosythesis?

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use carbon dioxide and water, with energy from sunlight, to produce glucose, plus oxygen as a waste product.

Where do plants capture the light energy from the sun?

Plants capture the light energy from the sun using the green chemical chlorophyll contained in organelles called chloroplasts in the leaves and other green parts of the plant

Sugar is also produced during photosynthesis. Give two ways in which the plant uses sugar

Some glucose is used for respiration to release energy. Some is used to produce: cellulose - which strengthens the cell wall or proteins - such as enzymes and chlorophyll