Chapter 1 Psychology

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Hysteria

a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences

Plato argued in favor of

Nativism- the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

Cognitive neuroscience

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.

Phrenology

A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.

The first to struggle with questions on how the mind works

Aristotle and Plato

Hall believed that

As children develop they repeat the evolutionary history of the human race. He found the American Journal of Psychology and played key role in finding the American Psychological Association

Which of the following is not an empiricist

Augustine

An adaptation of functionalism with a therapeutic emphasis is

Behavioral psychology

Thorndike's Law of Effect is most similar to

Behaviorism

Thomas Hobbes

Believed that the mind is what the brain does

Helmholtz

Discovered people took longer to react to a stimulus of the toe than the thigh and the difference between these two times was how long it took for the nerve impulse to reach the brain

Which of the following involves ionizing radiation

CT/CAT

The notion of a client centered approach originated with

Carl Rogers

Josef Breuer,

Catharsis ( the release of pent up energy which fREud stole)

Structuralism evolved into

Cognitive therapies

Camillo Golgi

Developed a staining method which made neurons easier to identify

Similarity between structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis

Each tried to understand the inner workings of the mind by examining conscious perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings or by trying to elicit previously unconscious material

Lock is associated with

Empiricism

Psychoanalysis

bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

William James is associated with

Functionalism/behaviorαl adaptation

What did Freud theorize?

In trying to come up with theories for hysteric patients, Freud said that many of his patients problems could be traced to the effects of painful childhood memories that patients could not remember. (Unconscious is the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings or actions

The Vaisheskika school was founded by

Kanada

Isolating specific brain areas responsible for specific functions is

Localization

The belief that mind and brain are one and the same is

Materialism

The discovery of acetylcholine is attributed to

Otto Loewi

Sigmund Freud was originally trained as a

Physiologist

A set of theories focused on mental wellness, growth, and maximizing potential

Positive psychology

father of neurology

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Gestalt Psychology borrows heavily from

Structuralism

Wundt and his students were

Structuralists

Renee Descartes argued

That the mind and body are different things.

French scientists Broca and Flourens were the first to demonstrate

That the mind is grounded in a material substance, the brain

Reinforcement

The consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to happen again

Aristotle believed that

The mind was tabula Rasa and he argued for philosophical empiricism (the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience)

Physiology

The study of biological processes, especially in the human body

Functionalism

The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

Introspection

The subjective observation of ones own experience

experimental psychology goals

To Describe the behavior, To Explain the behavior through theory, and To Predict behavior in a research hypothesis.

Psychology is an attempt to

Use scientific methods to address fundamental questions about mind and behavior such as

The discovery of the X-ray is attributed to

Wilhelm Rontgen

Gestalt Psychology

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts

evolutionary psychology

a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

Behaviorism

an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior

psychoanalytic theory

an approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behavior...Freud

behavioral neuroscience

an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes

humanistic psychology

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings... response to Freud's beliefs by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

The focal point of Structuralism was

defining and measuring mental processe

Illusions

errors of perception, memory, or judgement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

Wundt

father of psychology, Helmholtz assistant. Wundt believed that scientific Psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness ( a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind)

Joseph Gall

founder of phrenology and observed that bigger brain sizes are associated with mental ability

Behavior

observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals

Stimulus

sensory input from the environment

Jean Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet

studied hysteric patients through hypnosis

Structuralism

the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Dualism

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

Mind

the private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings; an ever flowing stream of consciousness

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Cognitive Psychology

the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning


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