Chapter 1 Psychology
Hysteria
a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences
Plato argued in favor of
Nativism- the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
Cognitive neuroscience
A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.
Phrenology
A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.
The first to struggle with questions on how the mind works
Aristotle and Plato
Hall believed that
As children develop they repeat the evolutionary history of the human race. He found the American Journal of Psychology and played key role in finding the American Psychological Association
Which of the following is not an empiricist
Augustine
An adaptation of functionalism with a therapeutic emphasis is
Behavioral psychology
Thorndike's Law of Effect is most similar to
Behaviorism
Thomas Hobbes
Believed that the mind is what the brain does
Helmholtz
Discovered people took longer to react to a stimulus of the toe than the thigh and the difference between these two times was how long it took for the nerve impulse to reach the brain
Which of the following involves ionizing radiation
CT/CAT
The notion of a client centered approach originated with
Carl Rogers
Josef Breuer,
Catharsis ( the release of pent up energy which fREud stole)
Structuralism evolved into
Cognitive therapies
Camillo Golgi
Developed a staining method which made neurons easier to identify
Similarity between structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis
Each tried to understand the inner workings of the mind by examining conscious perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings or by trying to elicit previously unconscious material
Lock is associated with
Empiricism
Psychoanalysis
bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders
William James is associated with
Functionalism/behaviorαl adaptation
What did Freud theorize?
In trying to come up with theories for hysteric patients, Freud said that many of his patients problems could be traced to the effects of painful childhood memories that patients could not remember. (Unconscious is the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings or actions
The Vaisheskika school was founded by
Kanada
Isolating specific brain areas responsible for specific functions is
Localization
The belief that mind and brain are one and the same is
Materialism
The discovery of acetylcholine is attributed to
Otto Loewi
Sigmund Freud was originally trained as a
Physiologist
A set of theories focused on mental wellness, growth, and maximizing potential
Positive psychology
father of neurology
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
Gestalt Psychology borrows heavily from
Structuralism
Wundt and his students were
Structuralists
Renee Descartes argued
That the mind and body are different things.
French scientists Broca and Flourens were the first to demonstrate
That the mind is grounded in a material substance, the brain
Reinforcement
The consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to happen again
Aristotle believed that
The mind was tabula Rasa and he argued for philosophical empiricism (the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience)
Physiology
The study of biological processes, especially in the human body
Functionalism
The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
Introspection
The subjective observation of ones own experience
experimental psychology goals
To Describe the behavior, To Explain the behavior through theory, and To Predict behavior in a research hypothesis.
Psychology is an attempt to
Use scientific methods to address fundamental questions about mind and behavior such as
The discovery of the X-ray is attributed to
Wilhelm Rontgen
Gestalt Psychology
a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
evolutionary psychology
a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection
Behaviorism
an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior
psychoanalytic theory
an approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behavior...Freud
behavioral neuroscience
an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes
humanistic psychology
an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings... response to Freud's beliefs by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
The focal point of Structuralism was
defining and measuring mental processe
Illusions
errors of perception, memory, or judgement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality
Wundt
father of psychology, Helmholtz assistant. Wundt believed that scientific Psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness ( a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind)
Joseph Gall
founder of phrenology and observed that bigger brain sizes are associated with mental ability
Behavior
observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals
Stimulus
sensory input from the environment
Jean Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet
studied hysteric patients through hypnosis
Structuralism
the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind
Dualism
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
Mind
the private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings; an ever flowing stream of consciousness
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning
