Chapter 1 Psychology

What is typically the first step in the research process? - Stating a hypothesis - Collecting evidence or observations - Drawing conclusions - Formulating a research question

Formulating a research question

Research that is undertaken solely because the research is interested in the topic is called - clinical research - applied research - general research - pure research

pure research

A statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research is also known as - a theory - a conclusion - a research question - a hypothesis

a hypothesis

The process of thoughtfully and rigorously analyzing the questions, statements, and arguments of others is called _______________.

critical thinking

A psychologist would use ___________ to study the social behavior of wild African hunting dogs in the fields.

naturalistic observation

Which perspective would study intrusive thoughts that are thoughts that become stuck in one's mind? - Biological - Cognitive - Learning - Humanistic existential

Cognitive

Which psychologist would most likely work with a law firm on issues concerning jury selection? - Environmental psychologist - Forensic psychologist - Industrial psychologist - Clinical psychologist

Forensic psychologist

Which methodology would a psychologist use to determine if the length of time individuals have been in a committed relationship is associated with an increase or decrease in the quality of the relationship? - Correlation - Naturalistic observation - Experiment - Case study

Correlation

The Greek Philosopher __________ believed that human differed from other animals in their ability to engage in rational thought.

Aristotle

Which of the following is an example of an evidence-based source of information? - A scientific paper published in a peer-reviewed journal that reports the experimental results obtained - An advertisement for a new app to aid with weight loss that claims to be supported by psychological research - A radio talk show personality summarizing a psychological study - An article on a news website summarizing a psychological study

A scientific paper published in a peer-reviewed journal that reports the experimental results obtained

A psychologist is interested in studying whether high school students who eat dinner with their families most weeknights are more introverted than high school students who eat dinner with their social group of friends most weeknights. What perspective most likely influenced this psychologist? - Sociocultural - Psychodynamic - Biological - Cognitive

Sociocultural

The school of psychology that focuses on three basic elements sensations, feeling, and images- the combine to form experience is known as

Structuralism

When is it acceptable for a psychologist to use deception in their research? - When the participants never learn the true purpose of the research - It is never acceptable to use deception in psychological research - When the benefits of the research outweigh the potential harms - When the researcher decides to use it

When the benefits of the research outweigh the potential harms

Psychology can be defined as __________. - the scientific study of the brain - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes - the scientific study of the mind - the scientific study of emotion and cognition

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Which methodology would a psychologist use to determine whether the type of music (classical, country, or hip-hop) someone listened to while exercising caused a change in the intensity of the workout? - Experiment - Correlation - Naturalistic observation - Survey

Experiment

Which school of psychology emphasized the human tendency to organize perceptions into organized wholes? - Behaviorism - Gestalt - Functionalism - Humanism

Gestalt

Which school of psychology posits that learning is active and purposeful, and not just responsive and mechanical? - Gestalt - Structuralism - Behaviorism - Functionalism

Gestalt

Which psychologist proposed that much of our life is governed by unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts? - Max Wertheimer - John Watson - Wilhelm Wundt - Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

The human resources director at a company wants to determine which benefits its employees value the most. Which procedure should they use to gather unbiased sample? - Sending an email to all employees and asking them to complete a survey - Surveying the first 25 employee names on an alphabetized list - Asking their friends who work at the company which benefits their value - Surveying a random sample of all employees

Surveying a random sample of all employees

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a __________.

selection factor

Renee loves to contribute to the greater good and offers to participate in research conducted on her campus as often as she can. Why might Renee and others like her inadvertently contribute to inaccuracy in research? - Selection factor - Volunteer bias - Correlations - Experimenter bias

Volunteer bias

A psychologist who studies how we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn and remember, how we plan and solve problems, and how we use language is a - developmental psychologist - human factors psychologist - social psychologist - cognitive psychologist

cognitive psychologist

The ethical standard that corresponds to providing individuals with information about the nature of the study before they agree to participate is called ______________.

informed consent

Which psychologist would most likely work with an individual on a behavioral program to quit smoking? - Health psychologist - Clinical psychologist - Counseling psychologist - Experimental psychologist

Health psychologist

Which of the following would allow research results to be generalized to a wider segment of the public? - A population - A selection factor - A telephone sample - A stratified sample

A stratified sample

What perspective assumes the thoughts, fantasies, dreams, and instinctive behavior patterns are made possible by the nervous system and the brain? - Cognitive - Humanistic-existential - Psychodynamic - Biological

Biological

The physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes that occur throughout the lifespan are studied by which of the following? - Developmental psychologist - Educational psychologists - Social psychologists - Personality psychologists

Developmental psychologist

Which of the following can be attributed to William James? - He believed that behavior is learned through reinforcement - He viewed people as social creatures who influence one another - He focused on the relationship between conscious experience and behavior - He proposed that experiences can be reduced to objectives sensations and subjective feelings

He focused on the relationship between conscious experience and behavior

Which perspective stresses out capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, freedom of choice, and ethical decision making? - Humanistic-existential - Sociocultural - Functionalism - Behaviorism

Humanistic-existential

Which statement best describes the work of clinical psychologists? - They help people with psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression adjust to the demands of life. - They study the ways that people and the environment influence one another. - They are concerned with justice system functions such as the evaluation of defendants and jury selection. - They assist people who have minor adjustment problems but do not address serious psychological disorders.

They help people with psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression adjust to the demands of life.