Chapter 1 Quiz Bank

Which of the following explains why British hegemony led to a peaceful era in Europe in the nineteenth century? a. A change in British interests toward commerce and economic prosperity. b. A convergence of interests between European states. c. The British outlawed weapons at the Bretton Woods conference. d. The British used force to quiet any dissent in Europe.

a. A change in British interests toward commerce and economic prosperity.

The sixteenth through eighteenth centuries were characterized by: a. European states trying to overpower and outmaneuver each other. b. the dominance of one major European power that kept the peace. c. economic decline as colonial empires slowly ended. d. the rise of non-European powers through colonialism.

a. European states trying to overpower and outmaneuver each other.

The Bretton Woods System sought to reduce barriers and taxes on goods exchanged between countries with the: a. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. b. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. c. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. d. Marshall Plan.

a. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

Why did Germany's rise lead to the Thirty Years' Crisis? a. Germany wanted to challenge the status quo in Europe. b. Germany was not interested in free trade. c. Britain was threatened by Germany's growing economic power. d. The United States was interested in maintaining their hegemonic status.

a. Germany wanted to challenge the status quo in Europe.

Which of the following describes the effect of World War II on international relations? a. It gave rise to the Cold War rivalry. b. It led to peace between European states. c. It led to U.S. hegemony. d. It increased the number of great powers in Europe.

a. It gave rise to the Cold War rivalry.

In the 1970s, some developing economies with certain natural resources managed to gain some power over more industrialized economies through the work of which organization? a. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries b. International Monetary Fund c. World Bank d. World Trade Organization

a. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following consequences of World War I contributed to the outbreak of World War II? a. Slow postwar economic recovery in Europe and a subsequent recession b. The death of 15 million people c. The collapse of the Ottoman empire d. The League of Nations

a. Slow postwar economic recovery in Europe and a subsequent recession

Which of the following is an implication of sovereignty for modern states? a. States have the ability to decide the policies to be implemented within their borders without the expectation of interference from other states. b. Smaller states will receive protection from stronger states. c. States no longer expect to have border disputes. d. International organizations, like the United Nations, have no authority to make international laws.

a. States have the ability to decide the policies to be implemented within their borders without the expectation of interference from other states.

Which of the following demonstrates American influence on international politics following World War II? a. The United States built various international institutions to instill its preferred order on the international system. b. The United States followed an isolationist foreign policy after the war. c. The United States formed the Warsaw Pact to contain the Soviet Union's influence in Europe. d. The United States built a wall to separate East and West Berlin in Germany.

a. The United States built various international institutions to instill its preferred order on the international system.

The Cold War led to which of the following developments? a. The relevance of the "third world" in world politics b. The antiglobalization movement c. The end of American dominance in world politics d. Widespread economic growth and productivity

a. The relevance of the "third world" in world politics

The European Union: a. began in the 1950s, with collaboration on coal and steel production between a few countries. b. began in the 1960s, with a military alliance between France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. c. raised barriers to impede the internal movement of labor among the member nations. d. included all European countries by the end of the 1990s.

a. began in the 1950s, with collaboration on coal and steel production between a few countries.

A major change in the balance of power within nineteenth-century Europe was spurred by the: a. unification and growth of Germany. b. rise of the Ottoman Empire. c. decline of the American empire. d. withdrawal of England from active intervention in European politics.

a. unification and growth of Germany.

Which statement best describes China and Vietnam in the early 1980s? a. Both countries abandoned one-party rule. b. Both countries adopted capitalist economic reforms. c. China adopted capitalist economic reforms, but Vietnam did not. d. Vietnam maintained its one-party system, but China did not.

b. Both countries adopted capitalist economic reforms.

What occurred around 1492 that fundamentally altered the course of the world? a. The earth became smaller. b. European states led expeditions around the world. c. The Peace of Westphalia was signed. d. The Industrial Revolution began.

b. European states led expeditions around the world.

Which of the following is the best example of a hegemon? a. Germany after World War I b. The United States during the Cold War c. France during the Thirty Years' War d. Great Britain in the 1800s

d. Great Britain in the 1800s

During the Pax Britannica, the British sought to reverse mercantilist policies for which of the following reasons? a. The Industrial Revolution meant that British industries no longer benefitted from government protection. b. Free trade was beneficial to the British economy. c. Mercantilism provided too many protections for foreign industries. d. The British realized that power was a more important pursuit than wealth.

b. Free trade was beneficial to the British economy.

Which of these countries had global hegemonic influence in the nineteenth century? a. Japan b. Great Britain c. The United States d. France

b. Great Britain

What effect did World War I have on the international system? a. It spurred economic integration in Europe. b. It led to the collapse of empires. c. It created the United Nations. d. It ended European imperialism.

b. It led to the collapse of empires.

How did the Great Depression help lead to the outbreak of World War II? a. It caused France to invade Germany after the Germans failed to pay back their war reparations. b. It led to the rise of extreme right-wing, nationalistic governments in several key European nations. c. It caused many countries to stop funding the League of Nations, crippling the organization tasked with keeping the peace. d. It prevented nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom from investing in more troops.

b. It led to the rise of extreme right-wing, nationalistic governments in several key European nations.

Which of the following encouraged European powers to prioritize free trade in the 1800s? a. The discovery of people outside of Europe b. Technological advancements c. Reversion from the gold standard d. Military force becoming outdated

b. Technological advancements

What prompted European states to begin exploring the world? a. A search for new allies b. The search for new markets and resources c. Continuous wars on the continent led to the pursuit of new lands to populate. d. Population growth

b. The search for new markets and resources

Which of the following describes the most important characteristic of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union? a. The superpowers both maintained strong military alliances. b. The superpowers both possessed nuclear weapons. c. The superpowers engaged in frequent overt warfare. d. The superpowers were both members of the United Nations Security Council.

b. The superpowers both possessed nuclear weapons.

When European colonialism began in the sixteenth century: a. the largest cities in the world were mostly found in Europe. b. political and religious interests pushed Europeans to colonize. c. European technology was centuries ahead of anywhere else in the world. d. economic activity in the rest of the world was stagnant.

b. political and religious interests pushed Europeans to colonize.

During the Cold War, developing countries: a. were more concerned about the spread of communism than the gap in wealth between industrialized and developing countries. b. sought to separate themselves from the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. c. refused to join the United Nations because it was seen as a tool of the United States and the Soviet Union. d. created effective cartels like the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries for other raw materials, such as copper and bananas.

b. sought to separate themselves from the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.

After World War I: a. the German economy rebounded relatively quickly. b. the League of Nations was created to avoid another war. c. few new countries became independent. d. the Austrian and Ottoman empires survived until the next war.

b. the League of Nations was created to avoid another war.

Which of the following is an example of a free-trade area? a. World Trade Organization b. European Union c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization d. Warsaw Pact

b. European Union

Which of the following organizations was created to facilitate private investment in developing nations in the 1950s and 1960s? a. International Monetary Fund b. World Bank c. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance d. Marshall Plan

b. World Bank

Why did the adoption of the gold standard facilitate global trade? a. The International Monetary Fund pushed for the adoption of the gold standard. b. It suited the interests of Great Britain, as it controlled most of the gold mines. c. It created a predictable way to exchange international currencies. d. Few countries had existing trade barriers against gold.

c. It created a predictable way to exchange international currencies.

British hegemony emerged from a decisive victory at the end of which of the following wars? a. Thirty Years' War b. World War I c. Napoleonic Wars d. Hundred Years' War

c. Napoleonic Wars

Which of the following is true of economic prosperity during the Pax Britannica? a. The entire world benefitted from European Trade. b. British bankers were hurt by increasing world trade. c. Non-European states were exploited for European gain. d. During the Pax Britannica, states experienced both economic gain and widespread war.

c. Non-European states were exploited for European gain.

The end of the Cold War was preceded by which event in the 1980s? a. Decreased military spending by the United States b. Increased Soviet repression in Eastern Europe c. Policies of greater openness and economic reconstruction in the Soviet Union d. Economic recovery in the Soviet Union

c. Policies of greater openness and economic reconstruction in the Soviet Union

Which of the following accurately describes the United Nations' record on managing crises that followed in the wake of the Cold War? a. The United Nations has mainly been successful at suppressing violence in the post-Cold War world. b. The United Nations has been unable to accomplish anything because of major power gridlock. c. The United Nations has experienced both successes and failures. d. The United Nations has largely avoided conflicts in the third world.

c. The United Nations has experienced both successes and failures.

Which of the following would be an example of détente between the United States and the Soviet Union? a. The Soviet Union puts missiles in Cuba. b. The Soviet Union blocks access to Berlin. c. The United States agrees to limit its military weapons. d. The United States sends troops to Vietnam.

c. The United States agrees to limit its military weapons.

Why did the United States join World War II despite its turn toward isolationism following World War I? a. The United States stood to profit from joining the war. b. The United States wanted to recoup the money lost in World War I. c. The United States suffered a devastating attack on its soil. d. Alliance commitments led the United States to join the war.

c. The United States suffered a devastating attack on its soil.

Which of the following statements is true about the United States' intervention during the Cold War? a. The United States refused to intervene in democratic countries. b. The United States used military and intelligence services to undermine only governments under the direct control of the Soviet Union. c. The United States used military and intelligence services to prevent countries from electing governments sympathetic to the Soviet Union. d. The United States rarely intervened in civil conflicts outside its own borders because it respected the sovereignty of other countries.

c. The United States used military and intelligence services to prevent countries from electing governments sympathetic to the Soviet Union.

Why did some countries after World War II form what would become the European Union? a. To fend off intervention by the United States in Europe b. To increase tariffs on goods entering Europe c. To increase trade and improve economic cooperation within Europe d. To increase trade between European countries and their former colonies

c. To increase trade and improve economic cooperation within Europe

The modern state system is thought to have emerged: a. when the Roman Republic first became the Roman Empire. b. with the first successful unification of China. c. after the Peace of Westphalia. d. after World War II.

c. after the Peace of Westphalia.

One of the reasons the United States and its allies created international institutions at the end of World War II was: a. because World War II had ended inconclusively. b. to counter institutions created by the Soviet Union. c. in order to create a stable free-trade economic system. d. because international institutions had been effective before the war.

c. in order to create a stable free-trade economic system.

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648: a. established British hegemony. b. marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars. c. marked the beginning of the modern system of states. d. promoted the Industrial Revolution.

c. marked the beginning of the modern system of states.

A country "on" the gold standard: a. could print as much paper money as it needed. b. used only gold to make purchases. c. promised to exchange its currency for gold at an established rate. d. had its loans from other countries guaranteed by gold.

c. promised to exchange its currency for gold at an established rate.

Which of the following treaties is an example of early formal cooperation between European states? a. Peace of Westphalia b. Pax Romana c. Concert of Europe d. Treaty of Versailles

c. Concert of Europe

Which organization, formed in 1920, was the precursor to the United Nations? a. Concert of Europe b. International Monetary Fund c. League of Nations d. Warsaw Pact

c. League of Nations

Which of the following events is considered the beginning of the modern state system? a. Pax Britannica b. League of Nations c. Peace of Westphalia d. Pax Romana

c. Peace of Westphalia

Which of the following statements is true about Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990? a. The 1991 war against Iraq revealed the ineffectiveness of the United Nations in coordinating military responses to violations of international law. b. Iraqi forces were expelled from Kuwait by forces from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. c. A large coalition of countries led by the United States invaded Iraq to end its occupation of Kuwait. d. A large coalition of countries under the auspices of the United Nations expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

d. A large coalition of countries under the auspices of the United Nations expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

Which of the following factors aided global trade during the Pax Britannica? a. Creation of the railroad b. Creation of the steamship c. Adoption of the gold standard d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

Which of the following is the best example of the challenges to globalization in the modern world? a. Arab Spring uprisings lead to uncertain results in Middle Eastern and North African countries. b. Developing economies push for reforms in the United Nations General Assembly. c. The value of currencies fluctuates now that there is no gold standard. d. China and Russia refuse to fully open their borders to international trade. e. The United States brings trade dispute cases to the World Trade Organization.

d. China and Russia refuse to fully open their borders to international trade.

Which of the following statements about Soviet intervention during the Cold War is true? a. The Soviet Union refused to send its military to intervene in European countries such as Hungary and Czechoslovakia, because it feared retaliation from the United States. b. The Soviet Union intervened only in countries with socialist or Marxist governments, since they were already Soviet allies. c. The Soviet Union rarely intervened in the developing world, because it thought poor countries were likely to become communist without Soviet help. d. The Soviet Union sent arms and advisers to many developing countries in hopes of helping sympathetic groups seize power.

d. The Soviet Union sent arms and advisers to many developing countries in hopes of helping sympathetic groups seize power.

Why did the United States fight "proxy wars" during the Cold War? a. Since it did not have the nuclear weapons necessary to launch a direct attack on the Soviet Union, the United States attacked Soviet allies instead. b. The United States thought fighting wars "by proxy" would last longer and therefore buy time for the Soviet Union to collapse on its own. c. The United States hoped it could surprise the Soviet Union by not directly attacking it. d. The United States feared a devastating war if it directly attacked the Soviet Union.

d. The United States feared a devastating war if it directly attacked the Soviet Union.

Which of the following statements about nuclear weapons is true? a. The Soviet Union initially had more nuclear weapons than the United States. b. Nuclear weapons were ultimately unimportant in the Cold War competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. c. There was never a real possibility that the United States or the Soviet Union would use their nuclear weapons. d. The United States' and the Soviet Union's nuclear capabilities effectively prevented each from attacking the other.

d. The United States' and the Soviet Union's nuclear capabilities effectively prevented each from attacking the other.

One of the biggest crises between Russia and the West since the end of the Cold War occurred in 2014 over which country? a. Georgia b. Belarus c. Romania d. Ukraine

d. Ukraine

A consequence of World War I was: a. the consolidation of European empires. b. the rapid decolonization of areas of the British and French empires. c. deflation in the largest European economies. d. a successful communist revolution in Russia.

d. a successful communist revolution in Russia.

Under mercantilism, a country wishing to expand would best start by: a. forming a common market, or mercantile, among countries in the region. b. encouraging its colonial territories to produce finished products. c. withdrawing its diplomats from its adversaries' capitals. d. building up its military power.

d. building up its military power.

The great European powers cooperated more and fought less during the nineteenth century, in part because of: a. the invention of new weapons that made war more costly. b. the decline of the Ottoman Empire. c. the unification of Germany. d. increasingly free trade between countries.

d. increasingly free trade between countries.

"Terms of trade" refers to the: a. contracts written up between importers and exporters to eliminate misunderstandings between trading partners. b. level of difficulty of transporting goods between different countries. c. vocabulary used by importers and exporters. d. prices paid by a country for imports and what it receives for exports.

d. prices paid by a country for imports and what it receives for exports.

With regard to the "war debts-reparations tangle": a. France and England stopped insisting that Germany repay its loans. b. France and England insisted that the United States repay loans made before World War I. c. the United States stopped insisting that France and England repay loans made during World War I. d. the United States insisted that the French and Germans repay loans made during World War I.

d. the United States insisted that the French and Germans repay loans made during World War I.

Developing countries created the nonaligned movement during the Cold War because they: a. opposed communist expansion in the third world. b. wanted to create closer ties with the Soviet Union. c. wanted to create closer ties with the United States. d. wanted to promote international economic development.

d. wanted to promote international economic development.

One feature of the Treaty of Versailles that directly led to the outbreak of World War II was: a. guarantees of freedom of the seas. b. the creation of the League of Nations. c. limiting the German military. d. war reparations.

d. war reparations.

Which of the following institutions is a member of the Bretton Woods System? a. North Atlantic Treaty Organization b. The United Nations c. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries d. International Monetary Fund

d. International Monetary Fund

By the early twentieth century, the balance of power between major countries was most affected by the: a. rise of the Austro-Hungarian empire. b. rise of the Ottoman Empire. c. persistent isolation of the United States. d. unification of Germany.

d. unification of Germany

In the nineteenth century, England promoted international economic stability by: a. building up its army, rather than its navy. b. withdrawing from active intervention in world politics. c. going off the gold standard frequently. d. leading the world in promoting free trade

d. leading the world in promoting free trade