Chapter 1 Quiz: The Science of Psychology

_____ is the study of the physical workings of the brain and nervous system during thinking and other cognitive processes.

Cognitive neuroscience

Which of the following is true of doing research with people?

Sometimes people react in unexpected ways to the manipulations in an experiment.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the placebo effect?

You drink a non-alcoholic beverage that tastes like beer and begin to feel intoxicated.

The case of Phineas Gage is an often-cited example of

a case study.

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned.

Biopsychology has found mounting evidence of a biological cause for

schizophrenia.

The theory of operant conditioning was developed by

B. F. Skinner.

Pavlov's work with learning in dogs focused on the concept of

conditioning.

While the word critical is often viewed as meaning "negative," the use of this term in "critical thinking" is more related to the word _____.

criteria

Dr. Mason observes that the students in her class who read both the text and visual aid presentations tend to perform better on her exams than the students who simply read the text or visual aids alone. Dr. Mason's observation best depicts which goal of psychology?

description

In psychology, researchers try to find the answers to

empirical questions.

Consider the following statement: "Women avoid computer science because it is stereotypically dominated by males. This, in turn, leads many women to feel that the field is not accessible to them." This is an example of a(n) _____.

explanation

William James was responsible for developing the theory of

functionalism.

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment is the

independent variable.

A(n) _____ reviews a proposed study and judges it according to safety and consideration for its participants.

institutional review board

If researchers find a relationship between students' grades and the number of hours they spend watching TV

it still does not prove causation.

A(n) _____ specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment.

operational definition

The textbook defines a _____ as someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.

philosopher

Watson's work with "Little Albert" supported the idea that

phobias can be learned through the process of conditioning.

One drawback to the survey method is

the way in which a question is worded can affect the answer.