CHAPTER 1

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research? A) Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure. B) Everyday behavior can be explained by instincts developed in our ancestral population. C) Our mothers have an enormous impact on our personality. D) What we sense and what we perceive vary according to culture, race, and gender.

A) Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure.

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States? A) Carl Rogers B) Francis Cecil Sumner C) Naomi Weisstein D) Noam Chomsky

B) Francis Cecil Summer

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior. A) The name "Sigmund Freud" should be changed to "Wilhelm Wundt." B) The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious." C) The word "unconscious" to the word "conscious" D) The word "understand" should be changed to the word "believing."

B) The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? A) biopsychology B) developmental psychology C) personality psychology D) sensation and perception

B) developmental psychology

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline? A) 1600s B) 1700s C) 1800s D) 1900s

C) 1800s

William James was the ________. A) author of the first psychology textbook B) father of psychology C) first American psychologist D) first psychoanalyst

C) First American Psychologist

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology? A) Anna Freud B) Bruno Bettelheim C) Naomi Weisstein D) Sigmund Freud

C) Naomi Weisstein

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first? A) data collection B) experiment C) hypothesis D) observation

C) hypothesis

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. A) studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B) studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C) studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D) studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

C) studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________. A) only behavior B) only the mind C) the mind and behavior D) the soul, the mind, and behavior

C) the mind and behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________. A) explaining the subconscious B) the operation of individual parts of the mind C) the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts D) understanding the id, ego, and superego

C) the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution? A) After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B) Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world. C) Evolution only works theoretically. D) It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

D) It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first. A) Noam Chomsky, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Wundt B) Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud C) Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt D) Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

D) Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior. A) classical conditioning B) functionalism C) humanism D) operant conditioning

D) operant conditioning

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________. A) dream analysis B) examination of the first words that come to someone's mind C) seemingly innocent slips of the tongue D) the use of reinforcement and punishment

D) the use of reinforcement and punishment