chapter 1: what is psychology?
Experimental psychologis
Conduct experiments and specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception,learning and memory, thought, motivation and emotion.
Organizational psychologist
Focus on the relationship
Industrial psychologist
Focus on the relationship between people and work.
environmental psychologist
Study the ways in which people and the environment influence one another
case study
a carefully drawn biography that may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and psychological tests
correlational method
a mathematical method of determining whether one variable increases or decreases as another variable increases or decreases
dependent variable
a measure of an assumed effect of an independent variable
correlation coefficient
a number between 11.00 and 21.00 that expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables
experiment
a scientific method that seeks to confirm cause-and effect relationships by introducing independent variables and observing their effects on
theory
a set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events
reinforcment
a stimulus that follows a response and increase the frequency of the response
double-blind study
a study in which neither the subjects nor the observers know who has received the treatment
critical thinking
a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence
correlation
an association or relationship among variables, as we might find between height and weight or between study habits and school grades
forensic psychologist
apply principles of psychology to the criminal justice system.
humanistic-existential perspective
cognitive in flavor, yet emphasizes more the role of subjective (personal) experience .
experimental psychologist
conduct experiments and specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought motivation and emotion.
school psychologist
employed by school systems to assist students with problems that interfere with learning. one focus is that of placement of students in special classes
health psychologist
examine the ways in which behavior and mental processes are related to health.
personality psychologist
focus on identifying and measuring human traits , determining influences on human though processes, feelings, and behavior and explaining psychological disorders
organizational psychologist
focus on the relationship between people and organizations such as buisness
industrial psychologist
focus on the relationship between people and work.
cognitive perspective
having to do with mental processes such as sensation ad perception memory, intelligence, language, though and problem solving.
sport psychologist
help people improve their performance in various sports.
clinical psychology
help people with psychological disorders adjust to the demands of life ( largest subgroup of psychologist)
psychodynamic perspective
help with liberating expression of their unconscious ideas
blind
in experimental terminology, unaware of whether or not one has received a treatment
control groups
in experiments, groups whose members do not obtain the treatment, while other conditions are held constant
experimental groups
in experiments, groups whose members obtain the treatment
educational psychologist
like school psychologist, attempt to facilitate learning but focus on course planning , instructional methods. they focus on motivation, intelligence , testing and student and teacher behavior.
social psychologist
primarily concerned with an individual's thoughts, feelings and behavior and explaining psychological disorders.
human factors psychologist
provide suggestion and create technical systems such as dashboards, computer keyboards ,etc., to be more user friendly
applied research
research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems
pure research
research conducted without concern without for immediate application
the biological perspective
seeks the relationships between the brain, hormones heredity and evolution.
counseling psychologist
similar to clinical , but clients typically have adjustments problems and not serious psychological disorders. more than half of all doctoral students are in programs of clinical and counseling .
existentialism
stresses free choice and personal responsibility
humanism
stresses human capacity, self awareness decision making
consumer psychologist
study the behavior of shoppers in an effort to predict and influence their behavior.
developmental psychologist
study the changes that occur throughout the life span
behaviorism
the school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies relationship between stimuli and response.
psychoanalysis
the school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motive and conflict as determinants of human behavior .
gestalt psychology
the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes & to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.
funtionalism
the school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the element of experience
structuralism
the school pf psychology that argues that the mind consist of 3 basic elements - sensation , feelings and images. that combine to form experience.
Psychology
the science that studies behavior and mental processes
debrief
to explain the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant
