Chapter 1
A reaction to Freudś psycholoanalytic approach.
behaviorists felt that we can´t rust people's inner experiences, only whta we can observe
Which approach to psychology focuses on adaptive creative and fulfilling aspects of human experiences?
positive
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in childrenś
problem solving strategies
what is positive psychology
the focus on thriving rather that disordered or maladaptive mentality and behavior
What is introspection?
A technique emphasized by Wundt to help people forcus on their concious experience of stimuli, such as smelling a flower, or tasting a food
What is John B. Watson known for?
Behaviorism
Which approach to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?
Behaviorist
what is important to I-O psychologists?
Focus on hiring managerial skills employee motivation and satisfaction, but less on the economics of a company.
WHat was Freudś approach?
Psycho-dynamism - saw the unconscious mind as the root of human behavior
What is the notion that human behavior is influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which psychological approach.
Psychodynamic
weaknesses of naturalistic observation
Time-consuming Potential for observer influence Potential for subjective interpretation
whys it difficult to generalize the results of case studies?
a case study id only one data point, impossible to conclude that what worked for one will work for more.
According to WIlhelm WUndt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
conscious experience
which of the following would an industrial organizational psychologist be least likely to study?
corporate profitability
What are the weaknesses of case studies?
difficult to generalize results to a large population, and fewer controls in place to limit researcher bias
Dorothea Dix is known for
documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums
drawing a random sample from a population for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
each person in the population has the probability of being chosen for the study
What are the features of case studies?
in depth focus of an individual, can help with new or rare disorders, give researches a further direction of study
What is hindsight bias?
incliniation to see event as predictaible AFTER it has already happened
what is the cognitive approach
investigates how we think, solve problems, and make decisions.
What are the features of a hypothesis
it is specific, testable, and can be confirmed or refutable.
What is the tendency to overestimate our abilities or knowledge is known as
overconfidence
In psych, Gestalt Principles are used to explain
perceptual organization
what are the traits of a characteristics of an operational definition.
specific, measurable, quantifiable, or narrowly defined, and aids in the repliaction of the study.
what does the gestalt perspective study
studies our perceptions and how integrate stimuli into a form or whole.
An evolutionary psychologist explains that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for what.
survival
research group for advertising is conducting a study of whether shoppers are more likely to engage in impulsive buying at checkout compared to other areas in the store/ for results to be generalizable researchers should
use a represenative =
What is a theory?
well-established principle with a lot of evidence to support them.
