Chapter 10

Whose attitude will best predict his or her behavior in selecting one class over another?

Tomi, who has long known what class she wants to take and can usually pick her classes easily

Which of the following was the outcome of Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment?

Two groups of boys first developed prejudices toward each other and then became friends.

On average, an individual from which culture is least likely to exhibit the fundamental attribution error?

Japan

Which individual is likely to feel the greatest dissonance?

Jonathon, a physician who owns stock in a fast food restaurant

Attitudes can be influenced by operant conditioning through the power of ____, whereas they can be influenced by classical conditioning through the power of ____.

consequences; emotions

Any method that reduces or eliminates a person's state of cognitive dissonance returns that individual to a state of ____.

consonance

Another name for the fundamental attribution error is ____

correspondence bias

Norms are ____

expectations that guide the behavior of group members

Cognitive dissonance is most accurately described as stemming from ____.

inconsistencies among attitudes or between attitudes and behavior

If you meet a person who is very attractive, you are likely to assume the person is ____

interesting

The research on hormones and aggression has shown that testosterone ____.

may have an association with aggression

According to Darley and Latané, the five factors that influence whether a person will help someone in need are ____.

noticing, interpreting, assuming responsibility, deciding how to help, implementing help

Instrumental aggression is to ____, as hostile aggression is to ____.

satisfaction of a goal; desire to hurt

Enhanced performance when others are present is called ____.

social facilitation

The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired major research into ____

the bystander effect

Receiving weak arguments from a credible source may increase persuasion over time if the recipient is focused on _____.

the communicator's credibility

Cody is known to be judgmental and tends to harshly describe others as lazy or stupid when they require assistance. Cody is demonstrating ____.

the fundamental attribution error

The concept of diffusion of responsibility predicts that ____.

as the number of bystanders witnessing an emergency increases, the likelihood that any one of the bystanders will help the victim decreases

Discrimination is a ____.

behavioral expression of prejudice

A stereotype is the ____ component of an attitude.

cognitive

The degree to which members wish to maintain membership in the group is referred to as ____

cohesiveness

As the ____ of a group increases, so does ____ within the group.

cohesiveness; conformity

A culture that emphasizes group behavior and group success over individual success would be described as ____.

collectivistic

People from ____ cultures are less likely to engage in the fundamental attribution error.

collectivistic

Research into a possible role for serotonin in the regulation of aggressive behavior has determined that _____.

the link is complex and may be affected by sex differences

According to Asch's test line findings, what is the lowest number of confederates needed to be present to reach maximum conformity?

three

Simply being shown pictures of weapons has been linked with _____.

aggressive thoughts

Research on the learning of prejudice from parents shows that children ____.

are more likely to adopt the attitudes of their parents when they are egalitarian than when they are prejudicial

When Milgram surveyed psychology students and behavioral science professionals prior to his study, he found that most believed about ____ of Milgram's subjects would go all the way to 450 volts.

1%-3%

Which situation best demonstrates a request for compliance?

A salesperson asks you to try a perfume sample.

In which culture is direct eye contact expected and prolonged during speaking, but less when listening?

African American

Last year, the Save the Woodchuck Foundation asked you to donate $5 to their cause and you complied. This year, they send you a letter asking for a $20 donation. The Save the Woodchuck Foundation appears to be using which compliance technique?

Foot-in-the-door

Which statement is true about televised violence in the United States?

Nearly 70% of prime-time shows portray violence.

What is one of the results obtained by Milgram in his studies on obedience?

Obedience was lower when the authority figure was further away from the participant.

At the time of Kitty Genovese's murder, how did people respond to the witnesses who apparently did nothing?

Others perceived the witnesses as callous and apathetic

Stereotype threat is most related to which concept?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

For the last year, Sabina has seen the same man every day, as he lives on the same floor of her apartment building and they often take the same subway to work. Lately, she finds herself attracted to him. What is most likely to explain Sabina's attraction?

The mere exposure effect

Making an attribution about your own behavior while being very aware of the environment and the context surrounding the behavior would most likely lead to ____.

actor/observer bias

Informational conformity is to ____, as normative conformity is to ____.

being right; fitting in

The out-group homogeneity bias leads us to ____.

believe that people of another group are all alike

If tolerance for other people is taught in schools and in the media, it ____.

may have the power to override prejudicial attitudes taught in the home

The first step in Latané and Darley's process of deciding to help is to ____.

notice something is wrong

Stereotypes are ____.

often helpful to us

To please your date, you agree to attend a talk given by an attractive celebrity about water conservation, even though you don't know anything about the topic. You are most likely to process the celebrity's arguments on the ____ route.

peripheral

In Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment, the Eagles and Rattlers became enemies of each other due to ____.

realistic conflict

The prejudice that results when groups of people compete for the same opportunities to make a living provides an example of ____.

realistic-conflict theory

A stereotype is a ____.

set of beliefs and information about a group of people

You see a man slip and fall in the parking lot and you decide that he must have tripped over a broken curb. In making this judgment, you have made a ____ attribution.

situational

The study of how people think and behave in social situations we experience is called

social psychology

Most people feel an in-group bias, which means that they ____.

view members of their own group more favorably than members of other groups