Chapter 10

Sonia has a Type A personality style, and Liz has a Type B personality style. They are both running for class president. How would you expect their campaigns to differ? A)Sonia will be more competitive, and Liz will be more relaxed. B)Liz will have more friends to vote for her, while Sonia will have more people on her campaign team. C)When problems arise, Sonia will stay calm while Liz will get angry and hostile. D)Liz will have every moment of her campaign planned, and Sonia will be disorganized.

A)Sonia will be more competitive, and Liz will be more relaxed.

Having a background in medicine, but also a grudge against the profession, puts a person at risk for: A)a factitious disorder. B)body dysmorphic disorder. C)amnesia conversion disorder. D)somatic symptom disorder.

A)a factitious disorder.

A therapist treating a client with illness anxiety disorder repeatedly shows the client how the client's body is less than perfect, while not allowing the client to seek medical attention. MOST likely, the therapist's viewpoint is: A)cognitive-behavioral. B)psychodynamic. C)biological. D)sociocultural.

A)cognitive-behavioral.

A shortcoming of Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale is that it: A)does not take into consideration the particular life-stress reactions of specific populations. B)is limited in the type of stressful event listed. C)does not take into consideration the unique stressors experienced by women. D)cannot be used to examine the relationship between stress and illness.

A)does not take into consideration the particular life-stress reactions of specific populations.

A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving _____ from her illness. A)primary gain B)secondary gain C)tertiary gain D)no gain

A)primary gain

Psychophysiological disorders differ from fictitious disorders in that: A)the former result from an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. B)psychological factors are the primary underlying cause. C)the symptoms are less severe. D)physical damage is a very rare occurrence.

A)the former result from an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Why do some researchers believe mass psychogenic illnesses will increase and become more severe in the future? A)Cities will become more population dense. B)The power of social media will increase. C)Education is in decline. D)Treatment has not proved to be helpful.

B)The power of social media will increase.

drian recently graduated from college and has started a new job in his field of study. He has very long work hours and gets little sleep. He quit exercising and is not eating a balanced diet. If he develops a psychophysiological disorder, it will be because of: A)biochemical activity. B)behavioral changes. C)personality style. D)social support.

B)behavioral changes.

A patient with a heart condition complains of adhesions from his postoperative scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seems to be hurting all over, but no medical reason can be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is: A)conversion disorder. B)somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern). C)somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern). D)preoccupation disorder.

B)somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern).

Which statement concerning psychological treatments for physical disorders is MOST accurate? A)Therapists should focus on one technique to achieve the best outcomes. B)Meditation is the most effective treatment for physical disorders and should be tried first. C)Psychological interventions are often most helpful when they are combined. D)Psychological treatments of physical disorders have not been shown to be effective.

C)Psychological interventions are often most helpful when they are combined.

Despite having clear economic disadvantages, the health of Hispanic Americans is, on average, at least as good as, and often better than, that of both non-Hispanic white Americans and African Americans. What is one theory that explains this paradox? A)There tend to be more hospitals in Hispanic American neighborhoods. B)Hispanic Americans face less life stressors compared to other ethnic groups. C)The strong family support common in Hispanic American culture increases health resilience among members of this culture. D)Hispanic Americans do not face racial discrimination and, therefore, are under less stress.

C)The strong family support common in Hispanic American culture increases health resilience among members of this culture.

Somatic complaints are very common in non-Western medical settings. This pattern MOST likely reflects: A)higher levels of the emotions in these countries that produce somatization. B)the effects of living in a collectivist culture. C)a Western bias that sees somatization as an inferior way to handle emotions. D)an Asian bias to celebrate somatization as the only "real" response to emotion.

C)a Western bias that sees somatization as an inferior way to handle emotions.

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. The patient appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The appropriate diagnosis in this case is: A)malingering. B)factitious disorder. C)conversion disorder. D)illness anxiety disorder.

C)conversion disorder.

Both psychodynamic theorists and cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that in conversion disorder, the symptoms that appear: A)are physical manifestations of unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood. B)reflect an exaggeration of existing symptoms from another medical condition. C)help the person avoid unpleasant situations. D)reflect repression of unresolved sexual desires.

C)help the person avoid unpleasant situations.

Researchers have examined the relationship between the sleep people need and the sleep people get. Based on their findings, which of the following statements is generally TRUE? A)Most infants and children get the amount of sleep they need, but most teenagers do not. B)People need more sleep as they age, and they generally get enough. C)The biggest discrepancy seen between the amount of sleep needed and the actual sleep is in preschoolers. D)Across all age groups, people generally get less sleep than they need.

D)Across all age groups, people generally get less sleep than they need.

Charley brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Charley caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, wanting to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, the appropriate diagnosis is: A)a psychophysiological disorder. B)a conversion disorder. C)Munchausen syndrome. D)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

D)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

Which statement BEST reflects our understanding of hysterical disorders? A)Hysterical disorders are explained similarly to how anxiety disorders are explained. B)Currently, hysterical disorders are thought to be due to a "wandering uterus." C)Hysterical disorder symptoms appear to be particularly resistant to hypnosis. D)The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no theory predominant in aiding understanding.

D)The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no theory predominant in aiding understanding.

A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The physician who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication and that he liked being a patient. The manis MOST likely: A)experiencing a psychophysical disorder. B)malingering. C)experiencing a somatic disorder. D)experiencing a factitious disorder.

D)experiencing a factitious disorder.

Will recently recovered from having ulcers. He had care from family and friends and, as a result, recovered faster than expected. This may be due to: A)biochemical activity. B)behavioral changes. C)personality style. D)social support.

D)social support.

If you looked in Leijla's medicine cabinet, you would find dozens of prescriptions and even more over-the-counter medications. Every time she sneezes, Leijla is sure she has the latest deadly flu, although no physician has ever found anything wrong with her. Leijla probably suffers from: A)conversion disorder. B)body dysmorphic disorder. C)Munchausen syndrome. D)somatic symptom disorder.

D)somatic symptom disorder.

The main criticism of the cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that: A)they focus too much on the gains the patient receives from the disorder. B)they fail to take into account the gains the patient receives from the disorder. C)they confuse the ideas of gain and reward. D)they cannot explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.

D)they cannot explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.

Gio has always taken good care of his health and well-being. However, over the past month he has been feeling a lot of pressure at work. Gio finds himself scrambling trying to meet a deadline that is fast approaching. Which change in his behavior may indirectly affect his immune system? A)Gio is worried he may lose his job and won't have enough money to pay the bills. B)Gio does not get enough sleep because he is so busy working. C)Gio begins to feel more pessimistic. D)Gio finds that his anger is increasing.

A)Gio is worried he may lose his job and won't have enough money to pay the bills.

Who is MOST likely to experience a psychophysiological disorder? A)A non-Hispanic white American male B)An African American male C)A Hispanic American female D)A non-Hispanic white American female

B)An African American male

The first time the patient reported vague chest pains to a 911 operator, local EMTs responded with obvious attention and concern. Over the next several months, the patient called 911 more and more often, receiving the same concerned care for the same symptoms. This pattern of patient response is MOST easily explained by which theoretical perspective? A)Biological B)Cognitive-behavioral C)Humanistic D)Psychodynamic

B)Cognitive-behavioral

A physician confronts Addison With evidence that her symptoms are factitious. It is MOST likely that Addison will: A)create new symptoms that are more difficult to disprove. B)produce false medical records to support her original symptoms. C)leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician. D)take measures that increase the intensity of her original symptoms.

C)leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician.

Cal tends to fall asleep at the drop of a hat—while watching television, eating, and even driving. He would most likely be diagnosed with: A)insomnia disorder. B)hypersomnolence disorder. C)narcolepsy. D)circadian rhythm disorder.

C)narcolepsy.

Cindy has recently been diagnosed with cancer. Her quality of life is now poor because her coping style is one of helplessness and she has problems expressing her feelings. This is related to: A)biochemical activity. B)behavioral changes. C)personality style. D)social support.

C)personality style.

Therapists who take a reinforcement approach while treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on: A)identifying underlying emotional causes for the disorder. B)helping the patient gain insight into how the disorder is reinforcing. C)reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder. D)replacing the primary gain with a secondary gain.

C)reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder.

Which finding would lead you to suspect someone has a conversion disorder rather than another medical cause? A)Muscle atrophy in the "paralyzed" body part B)Uniform and even numbness in the "damaged" han C)Symptoms consistent with the way the neurological system is known to work D)A great number of accidents and an inability, in a "blind" person, to get around

D)A great number of accidents and an inability, in a "blind" person, to get around