Chapter 10: Air Pollution Key Concepts

Concentrated, Localized

point sources are easier to identify for liability and are easier to remediate than nonpoint sources because they are ____________ and generally _____________.

Clean Air Act

primary standards: to protect human health secondary standards: to protect materials, crops, climate, visibility, and personal comfort

15, cleaner

Uncoordinated government efforts in controlling air pollution in New Delhi has led to chaos and riots - banning public vehicles older than ___ years and mandating the conversion of taxis and buses to ____ fuels has resulted in job losses, less public transporation, and commuter chaos and unemployment

Ear Infections, Pneumonia, Asthma

smokehand smoke leads to diseases such as....

Fish Stocks

subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are considered to be insignificant

Hazardous Air Pollutants

the EPA estimates that mobile sources of air pollution (like cars, buses, and trucks) may account for ______ of all cancers due to outdoor sources

Air Pollution Control Act

the first federal regulation on air pollution; federal money was allocated to help states deal with air pollution issues

Automobiles

the major source of VOCs is...

Germination

the process in which a plant or fungus emerges from a seed or spore, respectively, and begins growth

Molds

they produce tiny spores to reproduce

Copper, air, water

Chile is the world's largest producer of _______, the production of which contributes to __ and ____ pollution

Cleaner, Catalytic, Days, Efficient

Government proposals for Mexico City include incentives for using ________ fuels and smog control measures, _________ converters, driving only on certain ______ of the week, incentives for owners to upgrade to newer, more __________ cars, companies to invest in clearner vehicles, government subsidies to outfit gasoline-powered delivery trucks with cleaner liquefied petroleum gas, fuel efficient and cleaner taxis and buses and improving environmental regulation and monitoring

Smoking, Radon

In order, what are the leading causes of lung cancer

Health, Environment

The goals of the Clean Air Act are to protect public _______ from air pollution and limit effects of air pollution on the environment

Transportation, Industrial Fuel Combustion, Petroleum and Chemical Processing

What are the three biggest contributors for nitrogen oxide emissions?

NOx

What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen oxide?

Vehicular, Industrial

__________ emissions and untreated _______ smoke are the two major sources of air pollution in New Delhi, India.

Radon

a cancer-causing radioactive gas that comes from the nautral (radioactive) breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water and concentrates in homes and buildings

Smog

a term first used in 1905 to describe emission of sulfur dioxide

Santiago

a very polluted city in Chile

Quicklime (Calcium Oxide)

adding ___________ (________ __________) to small lakes raises pH

Membranes, Hormones

air pollution affects vegetation because it is toxic ad damages cell _____________ and disrupts normal growth and reproduction by interfering with metabolic regulators and _________

Germination

air pollution can cause disrupted _______________ patterns in plants

Winds, Drought, Rainfall

air pollution can create weakened plants that are affected by strong _________, ________, and heavy ___________.

Fixation, Decomposition

air pollution can destroy microorganisms necessary for ___________ and _________ (which break down organic matter)

Waxy, Increasing, Disease

air pollution can destroy the ________ coating on leaves, ____________ transpiration rates and making plants susceptible to disease

Roots, Leached/Destroyed Nutrients

air pollution can harm plants by damaging their ________ and _________/___________ ___________ in the soil

Aluminum, Mercury

air pollution can trigger toxic ___________ and ____________ that are leached from rocks and enter streams and lakes cause fish kills

Web

air pollution can weak life forms because organisms exist in a _______

Corroding, Lead, Copper, Unhealthy

air pollution has created acidic water that moves through metal pipes, __________ the pipes, increasing the ________ and _______ concentration, and making water even more ____________.

Acid Rain

air pollution has created toxic fish which have increased levels of mercury due to _____________

Snow, Rain, Fog

air pollution, returning to Earth can appear in all 3 states of matter

Narrower, Outdoors

children are more susceptible because their airways are _________, and they spend more time ______________.

Incomplete Combustion

formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, diesel particulates, and 1,3-butadiene do not occur in gasoline, but are produced through ___________ ___________ of gasoline

Oil Based Paint and Carpeting

indoor pollution of VOCs; as great of a threat as automobile smog

Air Quality Control Act

it divided the country into Air Quality Control Regions and defined methods for settling emission standards

Clean Air Act

it standardized enforcement and standards for air pollution in all the states

Mexico City

it's air quality is the worst in the world (3.3 million cars). Geography is a basin that traps pollutants. Averages 179 mg/m³ of suspended particulates. A 5-year National Environmental Program invested $13.3 million to reduce air pollution. Federal tax incentive program for purchases of pollution control equipment.

Fumaroles, Sea Spray, Dust

natural sources of air pollution include fires, volcanoes, __________, ______ _________, and decaying vegetation, trees and bushes, pollen, bacteria, spores, molds, ________, decaying cellulose in termites, and ruminants

Acid Shock

occurs during spring when water in lakes thaw and acid becomes soluble in water preventing reproduction of aquatic species

New Delhi

this city in India is one of the top ten most polluted cities in the world, with respiratory diseases 12 times greater than other Indian cities.

Wash, Sulfur

to help with acid rain, _______ coal before burning it to reduce __________ content

Scrubbers

to help with acid rain, add__________ and advanced filters to smokestacks

Large, Expensive

to help with acid rain, adding quicklime to raise pH is not effective on ________ lakes and the process is ____________

Emission Trading

to help with acid rain, adopt ________ __________ policies

Transit

to help with acid rain, adopt accessible mass _________

Caralytic Converters

to help with acid rain, install _________ _____________ on cars

International Treaties

to help with acid rain, pursue _____________ ________________ on acidic effluents

Sulfur

to help with acid rain, use low-__________ oil and coal

Molds

travel through indoor and outdoor air continually

Local, State

until 1970, air pollution legislation was at the ________ and _____ level

Acidic

uptake of __________ water by trees causes trees to be weakened and affects organisms that live in them

Allergic Reactions, Asthma Respiratory Problems

what are potential problems cause by molds