Chapter 10: Air Pollution Key Concepts
Concentrated, Localized
point sources are easier to identify for liability and are easier to remediate than nonpoint sources because they are ____________ and generally _____________.
Clean Air Act
primary standards: to protect human health secondary standards: to protect materials, crops, climate, visibility, and personal comfort
15, cleaner
Uncoordinated government efforts in controlling air pollution in New Delhi has led to chaos and riots - banning public vehicles older than ___ years and mandating the conversion of taxis and buses to ____ fuels has resulted in job losses, less public transporation, and commuter chaos and unemployment
Ear Infections, Pneumonia, Asthma
smokehand smoke leads to diseases such as....
Fish Stocks
subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are considered to be insignificant
Hazardous Air Pollutants
the EPA estimates that mobile sources of air pollution (like cars, buses, and trucks) may account for ______ of all cancers due to outdoor sources
Air Pollution Control Act
the first federal regulation on air pollution; federal money was allocated to help states deal with air pollution issues
Automobiles
the major source of VOCs is...
Germination
the process in which a plant or fungus emerges from a seed or spore, respectively, and begins growth
Molds
they produce tiny spores to reproduce
Copper, air, water
Chile is the world's largest producer of _______, the production of which contributes to __ and ____ pollution
Cleaner, Catalytic, Days, Efficient
Government proposals for Mexico City include incentives for using ________ fuels and smog control measures, _________ converters, driving only on certain ______ of the week, incentives for owners to upgrade to newer, more __________ cars, companies to invest in clearner vehicles, government subsidies to outfit gasoline-powered delivery trucks with cleaner liquefied petroleum gas, fuel efficient and cleaner taxis and buses and improving environmental regulation and monitoring
Smoking, Radon
In order, what are the leading causes of lung cancer
Health, Environment
The goals of the Clean Air Act are to protect public _______ from air pollution and limit effects of air pollution on the environment
Transportation, Industrial Fuel Combustion, Petroleum and Chemical Processing
What are the three biggest contributors for nitrogen oxide emissions?
NOx
What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen oxide?
Vehicular, Industrial
__________ emissions and untreated _______ smoke are the two major sources of air pollution in New Delhi, India.
Radon
a cancer-causing radioactive gas that comes from the nautral (radioactive) breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water and concentrates in homes and buildings
Smog
a term first used in 1905 to describe emission of sulfur dioxide
Santiago
a very polluted city in Chile
Quicklime (Calcium Oxide)
adding ___________ (________ __________) to small lakes raises pH
Membranes, Hormones
air pollution affects vegetation because it is toxic ad damages cell _____________ and disrupts normal growth and reproduction by interfering with metabolic regulators and _________
Germination
air pollution can cause disrupted _______________ patterns in plants
Winds, Drought, Rainfall
air pollution can create weakened plants that are affected by strong _________, ________, and heavy ___________.
Fixation, Decomposition
air pollution can destroy microorganisms necessary for ___________ and _________ (which break down organic matter)
Waxy, Increasing, Disease
air pollution can destroy the ________ coating on leaves, ____________ transpiration rates and making plants susceptible to disease
Roots, Leached/Destroyed Nutrients
air pollution can harm plants by damaging their ________ and _________/___________ ___________ in the soil
Aluminum, Mercury
air pollution can trigger toxic ___________ and ____________ that are leached from rocks and enter streams and lakes cause fish kills
Web
air pollution can weak life forms because organisms exist in a _______
Corroding, Lead, Copper, Unhealthy
air pollution has created acidic water that moves through metal pipes, __________ the pipes, increasing the ________ and _______ concentration, and making water even more ____________.
Acid Rain
air pollution has created toxic fish which have increased levels of mercury due to _____________
Snow, Rain, Fog
air pollution, returning to Earth can appear in all 3 states of matter
Narrower, Outdoors
children are more susceptible because their airways are _________, and they spend more time ______________.
Incomplete Combustion
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, diesel particulates, and 1,3-butadiene do not occur in gasoline, but are produced through ___________ ___________ of gasoline
Oil Based Paint and Carpeting
indoor pollution of VOCs; as great of a threat as automobile smog
Air Quality Control Act
it divided the country into Air Quality Control Regions and defined methods for settling emission standards
Clean Air Act
it standardized enforcement and standards for air pollution in all the states
Mexico City
it's air quality is the worst in the world (3.3 million cars). Geography is a basin that traps pollutants. Averages 179 mg/m³ of suspended particulates. A 5-year National Environmental Program invested $13.3 million to reduce air pollution. Federal tax incentive program for purchases of pollution control equipment.
Fumaroles, Sea Spray, Dust
natural sources of air pollution include fires, volcanoes, __________, ______ _________, and decaying vegetation, trees and bushes, pollen, bacteria, spores, molds, ________, decaying cellulose in termites, and ruminants
Acid Shock
occurs during spring when water in lakes thaw and acid becomes soluble in water preventing reproduction of aquatic species
New Delhi
this city in India is one of the top ten most polluted cities in the world, with respiratory diseases 12 times greater than other Indian cities.
Wash, Sulfur
to help with acid rain, _______ coal before burning it to reduce __________ content
Scrubbers
to help with acid rain, add__________ and advanced filters to smokestacks
Large, Expensive
to help with acid rain, adding quicklime to raise pH is not effective on ________ lakes and the process is ____________
Emission Trading
to help with acid rain, adopt ________ __________ policies
Transit
to help with acid rain, adopt accessible mass _________
Caralytic Converters
to help with acid rain, install _________ _____________ on cars
International Treaties
to help with acid rain, pursue _____________ ________________ on acidic effluents
Sulfur
to help with acid rain, use low-__________ oil and coal
Molds
travel through indoor and outdoor air continually
Local, State
until 1970, air pollution legislation was at the ________ and _____ level
Acidic
uptake of __________ water by trees causes trees to be weakened and affects organisms that live in them
Allergic Reactions, Asthma Respiratory Problems
what are potential problems cause by molds