Chapter 10 Anatomy and physiology
6) The bones, which serve as levers in the body, do not A) dictate direction of movement. B) modify distance of movement produced by a force. C) contribute effective strength of a force. D) modify speed of movement produced by a force. E) inhibit movement.
Inhibit movement
190) How would a torn calcaneal tendon affect movement at the ankle? (Module 10.21C) A) It would make flexion difficult. B) It would make medial rotation difficult. C) It would make extension difficult. D) It would make lateral rotation difficult. E) It would make pronation difficult.
It would make extension difficult.
4) Skeletal muscles in which the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon are ________ muscles. A) parallel B) circular C) pennate D) convergent E) divergent
Pennate
7) Which of the following is not one of the forms of fascicle organization? A) perpendicular B) parallel C) convergent D) pennate E) circular
Perpendicular
144) Muscle A abducts the humerus and muscle B adducts the humerus. What is the relationship between the two muscles. (Module 10.3B) A) The two muscles are agonists to each other. B) The two muscles are antagonists to each other. C) The two muscles are synergists to each other. D) One muscle is an agonist and the other is a synergist during the same movement. E) The two muscles are fixators to each other.
The two muscles are antagonists to each other.
5) The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) fifth-class
Third-class
178) Name the muscles that abduct the wrist. (Module 10.17B) A) extensor digitorum and flexor pollicis longus B) abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus C) flexor digitorum superificialis and flexor digitorum profundus D) flexor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis longus E) abductor pollicis longus and adductor pollicis longus
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus
105) Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with a person's ability to A) extend the forearm. B) abduct the humerus. C) adduct the humerus. D) elevate the scapula. E) rotate the elbow.
adduct the humerus
116) The muscle that adducts the thumb is the A) adductor pollicis. B) abductor pollicis brevis. C) extensor digitorum. D) flexor digitorum profundus. E) flexor pollicis longus.
adductor pollicis
130) Which of the following muscles belongs to the flexors of the knee muscle group? A) biceps femoris B) semimembranosus C) semitendinosus D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.
all of the above
14) The central body of a muscle is also known as the A) fulcrum. B) gut. C) corpus. D) belly. E) core.
belly
108) Which of the following does not originate on the humerus? A) anconeus B) brachialis C) brachioradialis D) biceps brachii E) None of the answers is correct.
biceps brachii
184) Which muscles flex the knee? (Module 10.20A) A) biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, popliteus B) rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis C) biceps femoris, rectus femoris, sartorius D) vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, sartorius, popliteus E) semitendinosus and rectus femoris
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, popliteus
95) Which of the following does not move the pectoral girdle? A) pectoralis major B) brachialis C) rhomboid major D) serratus anterior E) trapezius
brachialis
107) Which of the following muscles does not have an action that is antagonistic to the action of the brachialis muscle? A) anconeus B) triceps brachii lateral head C) triceps brachii long head D) triceps brachii medial head E) brachioradialis
brachioradialis
58) A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in A) kissing. B) blowing. C) chewing. D) frowning. E) spitting.
chewing
19) The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following except A) the angle of the muscle relative to the long axis of the body. B) the action of the muscle. C) the location of the muscle. D) structural characteristics of the muscle. E) collagen content of the muscle.
collagen content of the muscle
101) The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the A) pectoralis major. B) subscapularis. C) deltoid. D) coracobrachialis. E) teres major.
deltoid
68) Which of the following describes the action of the digastric muscle? A) elevates the larynx B) elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible C) depresses the larynx D) depresses and retracts the tongue E) elevates the mandible
elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible
106) Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna can act to A) flex the forearm. B) extend the forearm. C) abduct the forearm. D) adduct the forearm. E) extend the carpals.
extend the forearm
177) Name the muscles that extend the fingers. (Module 10.17A) A) extensor digitorum and flexor pollicis longus B) extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis C) abductor pollicis longus and adductor pollicis longus D) extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi E) flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi
136) Which of these is not an intrinsic muscle of the foot? A) quadratus plantae B) abductor digiti minimi C) flexor digitorum brevis D) flexor digitorum longus E) abductor hallucism
flexor digitorum longos
114) When opposing the thumb, which muscle is active? A) flexor pollicis longus B) abductor pollicis longus C) flexor digitorum profundus D) flexor carpi radialis E) pronator teres
flexor pollicis longos
188) Name the muscles involved in extending the ankle. (Module 10.21A) A) extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus B) flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus C) tibialis anterior, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus D) gastrocnemius, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior E) plantaris, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
gastrocnemius, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior
63) The ________ muscle allows you to look down. A) inferior rectus B) medial rectus C) lateral rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
inferior rectus
104) The pectoralis major muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. When it contracts, it does not provide A) flexion. B) medial rotation at the shoulder. C) adduction. D) lateral motion at the shoulder. E) None of the answers is correct.
lateral motion at the shoulder
52) The procerus originates on the A) angle of the mouth. B) skin around the eyelids. C) lateral nasal cartilages. D) orbicularis oris. E) sides of the tongue.
lateral nasal cartilages
169) Which muscles enable you to shrug your shoulders? (Module 10.14B) A) trapezius B) levator scapulae C) subclavius D) pectoralis minor E) serratus anterior
levator scapulae
13) A(n) ________ is a rigid structure that moves on a fixed point. A) action B) insertion C) origin D) fulcrum E) lever
lever
46) Which of the following is not primarily a muscle of facial expression? A) buccinator B) depressor labii inferioris C) risorius D) masseter E) mentalis
masseter
65) The ________ muscle acts to elevate the mandible and close the jaw. A) lateral pterygoid B) digastric C) superior rectus D) temporalis E) masseter
masseter
82) Muscular walls of the thorax and abdomen are composed of A) spinal erector muscles. B) muscles of mastication. C) oblique and rectus muscles. D) glossal muscles. E) pectoralis muscles.
oblique and rectus muscles
47) The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the A) zygomaticus major. B) orbicularis oris. C) buccinator. D) levator labii superioris. E) procerus.
orbicularis oris
32) The end of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the A) insertion. B) fulcrum. C) septum. D) origin. E) fixator.
origin
98) All of the following originate on the scapula except the A) pectoralis major. B) teres major. C) teres minor. D) subscapularis. E) supraspinatus.
perctoralis major
29) Deep muscles are called A) superficialis. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus.
profundus
111) The muscle that pronates the forearm and opposes biceps brachii is the A) brachialis. B) triceps brachii medial head. C) pronator quadratus. D) anconeus. E) latissimus dorsi.
pronator quadratus
135) Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) All of the answers are correct.
second-class
50) The mentalis muscle inserts on the A) orbicularis oris. B) skin of the chin. C) angle of the mouth. D) hyoid bone. E) skin around the eyelids.
skin of the chin
77) The ________ extends the neck. A) spinalis thoracis B) splenius capitis C) spinalis cervicis D) iliocostalis lumborum E) longissimus capitis
spinalis cervicis
91) Which of the following is an axial muscle? A) serratus anterior B) sternocleidomastoid C) deltoid D) rhomboid major E) latissimus dorsi
sternocleidomastoid
71) Which of the following does not originate or insert on the hyoid bone? A) digastric B) geniohyoid C) omohyoid D) sternohyoid E) sternothyroid
sterothyroid
102) Which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff? A) supraspinatus B) infraspinatus C) teres minor D) subscapularis E) subclavius
subclavius
24) Which of the following most aptly describes "muscle insertion"? A) broad tendon sheet B) connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle fiber C) tendon attachment that doesn't move D) tendon attachment that moves E) connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle
tendon attachment that moves
100) Which of the following is the insertion of the pectoralis major? A) the vertebral border near the spine B) the greater tubercle of the humerus C) the mastoid region of the skull D) the occipital bone of the skull E) the clavicle and scapula
the greater tubercle of the humerous
25) Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) oblique. E) medialis.
transversus
168) Identify the largest of the superficial muscles that position the pectoral girdle. (Module 10.14A) A) trapezius B) levator scapulae C) subclavius D) pectoralis minor E) serratus anterior
trapezius
113) The muscle that extends the arm while doing push-ups is the A) deltoid. B) pectorals major. C) brachialis. D) triceps brachii. E) biceps brachii.
triceps brachii
128) Each of the following muscles acts to flex the leg except the A) semimembranosus. B) semitendinosus. C) vastus lateralis. D) gracilis. E) sartorius.
vastus lateralis
55) The axial muscles of the head and neck are assigned to one of the following functional groups except the muscles of A) facial expression. B) vocal expression. C) the tongue. D) the eye. E) mastication.
vocal expression
51) Which of the following describes the action of the corrugator supercilii? A) depresses the lips B) purses the lips C) wrinkles the brow D) elevates the mandible E) moves the external ear
wrinkles the brow
115) Your instructor asks the class a question. She points to you to answer it. What muscle is she using to point her index finger in your direction? A) extensor pollicis brevis B) extensor indicis C) flexor digitorum superficialis D) flexor carpi radialis E) extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis
27) Superficial muscles that position or stabilize an organ are called A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus.
extrinsic
146) What is the function of the axial muscles? (Module 10.4A) A) Axial muscles move the limbs. B) Axial muscles support the pelvic and pectoral girdles. C) Axial muscles support the pelvic and pectoral girdles and move the limbs. D) Axial muscles control facial movements and swallowing and are found in the head and neck. E) Axial muscles position the head and spinal column and also move the rib cage for breathing.
axial muscles position the head and spinal column and also move the rib cage for breathing
103) The infraspinatus has its insertion on the A) greater tubercle of the humerus. B) tuberosity of the radius. C) lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of the humerus. D) clavicle and scapula. E) vertebral border near the spine.
greater tubercle of the humerus
17) Which of the following terms is used to describe the location of a muscle A) pectinate. B) piriformis. C) hallucis. D) splenius. E) trapezius.
hallucis
45) Which of the following is an appendicular muscle group rather than an axial muscle group? A) muscles of the pelvic floor B) muscles of the head C) oblique and rectus muscles D) hamstring group E) muscles of the vertebral column
hamstring group
69) Each of the following muscles is involved in the process of chewing or manipulating food in the mouth except the A) masseter. B) temporalis. C) pterygoid. D) omohyoid. E) genioglossus.
omohyoid
15) Muscles with fibers that run at an angle to the long axis of the body are called A) parallel. B) convergent. C) circular. D) pennate. E) sphincters.
pennate
148) The axial muscle stabilize and position which regions of the body? (Module 10.5A) A) The axial muscles stabilize and position the head, neck, and trunk. B) The axial muscles stabilize and position the pectoral and pelvic girdles. C) The axial muscles stabilize and position the pectoral girdles and the upper limbs. D) The axial muscles stabilize and position the pelvic girdles and the lower limbs. E) The axial muscles stabilize and position the trunk and limbs.
the axial muscles stabalize and position the head, neck, and truck
141) Why does a pennate muscle generate more tension than does a parallel muscle of the same size? (Module 10.2A) A) A pennate muscle generates more tension because pennate muscle fibers lie parallel to the bone. B) A pennate muscle generates more tension because pennate muscle fibers lie perpendicular to the bone and parallel muscle fibers lie parallel to the bone. C) A pennate muscle generates more tension because a pennate muscle contains more muscle fibers than a parallel muscle. D) A pennate muscle generates more tension because a pennate muscle has a flat body and a parallel muscle has a broad body. E) A pennate muscle generates more tension because a pennate muscle pulls in only one direction and parallel muscles pull in different directions.
A pennate muscle generates more tension because a pennate muscle contains more muscle fibers than a parallel muscle.
182) Name the muscles that compose the gluteal group. (Module 10.19A) A) piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris B) gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae C) psoas major, iliacus D) gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, obturator externus E) pectineus, gracilis, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
23) Muscles including the term "capitis" would be found within or attached to the A) head. B) neck. C) thorax. D) abdomen. E) groin.
head
72) Which of the following muscles has its origin on the hyoid and inserts on the tongue? A) hyoglossus B) lateral pterygoid C) sternohyoid D) thyrohyoid E) geniohyoid
hyoglossus
156) List the spinal flexor muscles. (Module 10.9A) A) splenius capitis and splenius cervicis B) spinalis cervicis and spinalis thoracis C) iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum D) longus capitis, longus colli, quadratus lumborum E) semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus
iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum
122) The band of collagen fibers that laterally braces the knee is the A) linea alba. B) tensor fasciae latae. C) linea aspera. D) iliotibial tract. E) piriformis.
iliotibial tract
150) Name the extrinsic eye muscles. (Module 10.7A) A) internal oblique, external oblique, rectus femoris, superior rectus, rectus medialis, intermediate oblique B) depressor labii inferioris, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, orbicularis oris, risorius, procerus C) inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique D) corrugator supercilii, levator palpebrae superioris, orbicularis oculi, superior oculi, inferior oculi, corrugator oculi E) mentalis, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, medial rectus, lateral rectus
inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique
33) The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the A) insertion. B) fulcrum. C) septum. D) origin. E) fixator.
insertion
84) Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere most with the ability to breathe? A) pterygoid B) rectus abdominis C) intercostals D) platysma E) digastric
intercostals
28) Muscles located entirely within an organ are called A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus.
intrinsic
163) The coccygeus extends from the sacrum and coccyx to which structure? (Module 10.11C) A) the rectum B) the urinary bladder C) ischial spine D) inner margins of pubis E) ischial ramus and tuberosity
ischial spine
61) The eye muscles include all of the following muscles except A) medial rectus. B) inferior rectus. C) superior oblique. D) inferior oblique. E) lateral oblique.
lateral oblique
121) The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the A) tensor fasciae latae. B) piriformis. C) gluteus minimus. D) gluteus medius. E) gluteus maximus.
gluteus maximus
183) Which leg movement would be impaired by injury to the obturator muscles? (Module 10.19B) A) extension at the hip B) flexion at the hip C) medial rotation at the hip D) lateral rotation at the hip E) adduction at the hip
lateral rotation at the hip
53) The anterior muscle that inserts widely on the periosteum of the mandible and the skin of the cheek is the A) temporalis. B) masseter. C) lateral pterygoid. D) medial pterygoid. E) platysma.
platysma
56) The ________ covers the anterior surface of the neck. A) buccinator B) epicranium C) occipitofrontalis D) orbicularis oris E) platysma
platysma
179) The names of muscles associated with the thumb frequently include what term? (Module 10.17C) A) brevis B) longus C) minimi D) digitorum E) pollicis
pollicis
126) The muscle that medially rotates and flexes (unlocks) the knee joint is the A) iliacus. B) gracilis. C) sartorius. D) soleus. E) popliteus.
popliteus
186) Identify the muscle whose origin is on the lateral condyle of the femur. (Module 10.20C) A) rectus femoris B) biceps femoris C) popliteus D) sartorius E) semitendinosus
popliteus
175) Are the wrist extensors located on the anterior surface or the posterior surface of the forearm? (Module 10.16B) A) anterior surface B) posterior surface
posterior surface
22) A muscle whose name ends in the suffix "-glossus" would be found within or attached to the A) chin. B) cheek. C) jaw. D) tongue. E) lips.
toungue
78) The scalenes have their origin on the A) transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae. B) inferior border of the previous rib. C) superior border of the next rib. D) cartilages of the ribs. E) thoracodorsal fascia and iliac crest.
transverse and costal process of the cervical vertebrae
158) Which muscle forms the deepest layer of the abdominal wall muscles? (Module 10.10A) A) external oblique B) internal intercostal C) internal oblique D) rectus abdominis E) transversus abdominis
transversus abdominis
97) The muscle that inserts on the acromion and scapular spine is the A) serratus anterior. B) trapezius. C) sternocleidomastoid. D) pectoralis minor. E) levator scapulae.
trapezius
59) The temporalis muscle passes through the A) alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible. B) tendinous band around the optic foramen. C) galea aponeurotica. D) zygomatic arch. E) fascia surrounding the submandibular salivary gland.
zygomatic arch
2) A muscle that controls the diameter of an opening is a ________ muscle. A) parallel B) convergent C) pennate D) bipennate E) circular
Circular
191) What are the functions of the superior and inferior retinacula of the foot? (Module 10.22A) A) To allow inversion of the foot. B) To allow eversion of the foot. C) To assist in plantar flexion of the foot. D) To assist in dorsiflexion of the foot. E) To stabilize the positions of the tendons descending from the leg.
To stabilize the positions of the tendons descending from the leg.
180) Name the intrinsic muscles of the thumb. (Module 10.18A) A) adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis B) first dorsal interosseous, abductor digiti minimi C) lumbricals, palmar interosseous, first dorsal interosseous D) abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi E) palmaris brevis, palmaris longus, palmaris digiti minimi
adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis
34) An alternate name for the prime mover in muscle action is A) synergist. B) antagonist. C) agonist. D) fixator. E) insertion.
agonist
139) How many skeletal muscles are there in the body? (Module 10.1B) A) approximately 80 B) approximately 126 C) approximately 200 D) approximately 700 E) approximately 1500
approximately 700
127) Which of these muscles is not a member of the quadriceps femoris group? A) vastus lateralis B) vastus medialis C) vastus intermedius D) biceps femoris E) rectus femoris
biceps femoris
173) Name the muscle that abducts the arm. (Module 10.15C) A) deltoid B) teres minor C) teres major D) infraspinatus E) subscapularis
deltoid
152) If you were contracting and relaxing your masseter, what would you probably be doing? (Module 10.7C) A) swallowing B) blinking C) sticking out your tongue D) bending the neck to look down E) chewing or eating
chewing or eating
87) The levator ani inserts on the A) iliac crest. B) coccyx. C) ischial spine. D) central tendon of the perineum. E) sacrum.
coccyx
85) Which of the following is the origin of the bulbospongiosus? A) ischial spine B) inferior ischial ramus C) linea alba and pubis D) coccyx E) collagen sheath at the base of the clitoris or penis
collagen sheath at the base of the clitoris or penis
96) The muscle that adducts and rotates the scapula downward is the A) rhomboid. B) levator scapulae. C) serratus anterior. D) pectoralis minor. E) subclavius.
rhomboid
57) Tom, a trumpet player, asks you which muscles he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter. What would you tell him? A) the masseter and buccinator B) the buccinator and orbicularis oris C) the orbicularis oris and risorius D) the risorius and zygomaticus minor E) the levator labii superioris and mentalis
the buccinator and obicularis oris
181) Which muscle originate on the phalanges? (Module 10.18B) A) All the wrist flexors. B) All the wrist extensors. C) No muscles originate on the phalanges. D) All the wrist adductors. E) All the wrist abductors.
No muscles originate on the phalanges.
10) Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are ________ muscles. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular
Parallel
1) The function of the appendicular muscles is to A) support and position the bones of the skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column. B) support, move, and brace the limbs.
Support, move, and brace the limbs
138) What are the divisions and functions of the muscular system? (Module 10.1A) A) The axial division support and position the axial skeleton and the appendicular division support and move the limbs. B) The axial division support and move the limbs and the appendicular division support and position the appendicular skeleton. C) The axial division support and move the head, neck, arms, and trunk and the appendicular division support and move the legs. D) The axial division support and move the legs and the appendicular division support and move the head, neck, arms, and trunk. E) The axial division support and position the head and neck and the appendicular division support and move the trunk and limbs.
The axial division support and position the axial skeleton and the appendicular division support and move the limbs
157) Which muscles enable you to extend your neck? (Module 10.9B) A) splenius capitis and spinalis cervicis B) spinalis cervicis and longus capitis C) mutifidus and quadratus lumborum D) longissimus capitis and longus colli E) iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus cervicis
splenius capitis and spinalis cervicis
170) Which muscle originates on the first rib and inserts on the inferior border of the clavicle? (Module 10.14C) A) pectoralis minor B) levator scapulae C) subclavius D) rhomboid major E) serratus anterior
subclavius
171) Which muscle originates on the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus? (Module 10.15A) A) deltoid B) supraspinatus C) teres major D) infraspinatus E) subscapularis
subscapularis
26) Muscles visible at the body surface are often called A) internus. B) rectus. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) superficialis.
superficialis
62) Which eye muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe? A) superior rectus B) superior oblique C) lateral rectus D) inferior rectus E) inferior oblique
superior oblique
64) The ________ allows you to look up. A) inferior rectus B) medial rectus C) lateral rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
superior rectus
110) All of the following originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus except A) flexor carpi radialis. B) flexor carpi ulnaris. C) palmaris longus. D) pronator teres. E) supinator.
supinator
176) Which muscles are involved in turning a doorknob? (Module 10.16C) A) flexors B) supinators C) supinators and pronators D) flexors and extensors E) flexors and pronators
supinators and pronators
18) A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n) A) agonist. B) antagonist. C) synergist. D) originator. E) levator.
synergist
123) Muscles that laterally rotate the thigh include all of the following except the A) gluteus maximus. B) obturator internus. C) obturator externus. D) piriformis. E) tensor fasciae latae.
tensor fasciae latae
30) Muscles that are long and round in cross section are termed A) longus. B) teres. C) longissimus. D) maximus. E) brevis.
teres
131) The insertion of the flexor hallucis longus is A) above the femoral condyles. B) the superior surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe. C) the inferior surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe. D) the lateral condyle of the tibia and anterior surface of the fibula. E) the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia.
the inferior surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe
194) Name the septa that divide the arm into anterior and posterior compartments. (Module 10.23A) A) the anterior intermuscular septa B) the posterior intermuscular septa C) the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa D) the lateral and medial intermuscular septa E) the superior and inferior intermuscular septa
the lateral and medial intermuscular septa
193) Which intrinsic foot muscles originate on and insert on tendons? (Module 10.22C) A) the lumbricals B) the quadratus plantae C) the plantar interossei D) the dorsal interossei E) the flexor digitorum brevis
the lumbricals
140) What factors influence the performance of a skeletal muscle? (Module 10.1C) A) The performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on the thickness of the bone to which it is attached. B) The performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on muscle fiber organization and how the muscle attaches to the bone. C) The performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on how large the muscle fibers are and how large the bone is. D) The performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on how long the muscle fibers are and how tall the individual is. E) The performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on whether it is an axial or an appendicular muscle.
the performance of a skeletal muscle is dependent on muscle fiber organization and how the muscle attaches to the bone
132) An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the A) fibularis. B) extensor digitorum longus. C) soleus. D) tibialis posterior. E) tibialis anterior.
tibialis anterior
133) A muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the A) tibialis anterior. B) tibialis posterior. C) fibularis brevis. D) soleus. E) gastrocnemius.
tibialis anterior
11) A skeletal muscle fiber can contract until it has shortened by about A) 20 percent. B) 25 percent. C) 30 percent. D) 40 percent. E) 50 percent.
30 Percent
12) The leverage of the biceps brachii applies its force six times closer to the fulcrum (elbow joint) than the resistance. This means it will need to exert ________ kg of force to support a load of 6 kg. A) 1 B) 6 C) 36 D) 7 E) can't say from this information
36
174) Define retinaculum. (Module 10.16A) A) A retinaculum is a soft, gelatinous core of a muscle. B) A retinaculum is pad of fibrocartilage that separates muscles. C) A retinaculum is a small, thin, fluid-filled pockets that forms between muscles. D) A retinaculum is a localized mass of adipose tissue covered by muscles. E) A retinaculum is a wide band of connective tissue that stabilizes tendons.
A retinaculum is a wide band of connective tissue that stabilizes tendons.
143) Define the term synergist as it relates to muscle action. (Module 10.3A) A) A synergist is the site of attachment of a muscle to the bone. B) A synergist is the muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement. C) A synergist is the muscle whose action opposes that of a particular agonist. D) A synergist is the site of muscle attachment on the movable end. E) A synergist is a muscle that helps the agonist perform its actions more efficiently.
A synergist is a muscle that helps the agonist perform its actions more efficiently.
9) In a ________ muscle, the fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular
Circular
3) A fan-shaped muscle with a broad origin and fascicles that attach to a common site is a ________ muscle. A) pennate B) circular C) parallel D) convergent E) divergent
Convergent
172) Define line of action. (Module 10.15B) A) The line of action is the direction a bone is pulled towards. B) The line of action is the line of force produced when a muscle contracts. C) The line of action is the name for all the muscles that lie parallel to the bone. D) The line of action is the position of the fulcrum in a first-class lever. E) The line of action is the name for all the muscles that permit a particular action.
The line of action is the line of force produced when a muscle contracts.
166) Describe the appearance of the appendicular muscles as you move proximally to distally. (Module 10.13B) A) The muscles become larger and more numerous. B) The muscles become larger and less numerous. C) The muscles become smaller and more numerous. D) The muscles become smaller and less numerous. E) The muscles become thinner and flatter.
The muscles become smaller and more numerous.
145) What does the name flexor carpi radialis longus tell you about this muscle? (Module 10.3C) A) The name tells that this muscle is a long muscle that lies next to the radius and flexes the wrist. B) The name tells that this muscle is a long muscle that lies opposite the radius and flexes the fingers. C) The name tells that this muscle is a long muscle that lies near the tibia and flexes the ankle. D) The name tells that this muscle is a short muscle that lies near the radius and flexes the ankle. E) The name tells that this muscle is a long muscle that lies near the radius and flexes the elbow.
The name tells that this muscle is a long muscle that lies next to the radius and flexes the wrist
147) Identify the division (axial or appendicular) to which each of the following muscles belongs: biceps brachii, external oblique, temporalis, and vastus medialis. (Module 10.4C) A) biceps brachii = axial; external oblique = appendicular; temporalis = axial; vastus medialis = appendicular B) biceps brachii = axial; external oblique = axial; temporalis = appendicular; vastus medialis = appendicular C) biceps brachii = appendicular; external oblique = axial; temporalis = appendicular; vastus medialis = axial D) biceps brachii = appendicular; external oblique = axial; temporalis = axial; vastus medialis = appendicular E) biceps brachii = appendicular; external oblique = appendicular; temporalis = appendicular; vastus medialis = axial
biceps brachii = appendicular; external oblique = axial; temporalis = axial; vastus medialis = appendicular
137) If the anterior compartment of the lower limb was suffering from "compartment syndrome," which of these structures would not be at risk of injury? A) tibialis anterior B) vastus lateralis C) rectus femoris D) biceps femoris E) femoral artery
biceps femoris
129) The quadriceps group includes all of the following except the A) biceps femoris. B) vastus intermedius. C) vastus lateralis. D) vastus medialis. E) rectus femoris.
biceps fermoris
149) State whether the following muscles involve the mouth, eye, nose, ear, scalp, or neck: buccinator, corrugator supercilii, mentalis, nasalis, platysma, procerus, and risorius. (Module 10.6B) A) buccinator = mouth; corrugator supercilii = eye; mentalis = mouth; nasalis = nose; platysma = neck; procerus = scalp; risorius = scalp B) buccinator = mouth; corrugator supercilii = eye; mentalis = mouth; nasalis = nose; platysma = neck; procerus = nose; risorius = mouth C) buccinator = nose; corrugator supercilii = mouth; mentalis = mouth; nasalis = nose; platysma = scalp; procerus = mouth; risorius = ear D) buccinator = neck; corrugator supercilii = nose; mentalis = scalp; nasalis = nose; platysma = scalp; procerus = ear; risorius = eye E) buccinator = neck; corrugator supercilii = scalp; mentalis = scalp; nasalis = nose; platysma = neck; procerus = ear; risorius = neck
buccinator = mouth; corrugator supercilii = eye; mentalis = mouth; nasalis = nose; platysma = neck; procerus = nose; risorius = mouth
88) Which of the following muscles functions to expel urine or semen in males? A) bulbospongiosus B) superficial transverse perineal C) coccygeus D) levator ani E) anconeus
bulbosopongiosus
160) Describe the action of the external oblique. (Module 10.10C) A) contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity B) compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine C) depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column D) elevates ribs or flex neck E) extends vertebral column
compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine
162) In females, what is the action of the bulbospongiosus? (Module 10.11B) A) stabilizes central tendon of perineum B) closes urethra; elevates and retracts anus C) compresses bulbourethral glands D) compresses and stiffens clitoris; narrows vaginal opening E) flexes coccygeal joints; tenses and supports pelvic floor
compresses and stiffens clitoris; narrows vaginal opening
8) ________ muscle fibers pull in different directions, permitting different actions depending on stimulation. A) Convergent B) Parallel C) Straight D) Pennate E) Circular
convergent
21) Which of the following terms could be used with a muscle that is associated with the ribs? A) cervicis B) costalis C) popliteus D) nuchal E) carpi
costalis
167) Identify to which division, axial or appendicular, the following muscles belong: deltoid, external oblique, gluteus maximus, pectoralis major, platysma, and rectus femoris. (Module 10.13C) A) deltoid = appendicular; external oblique = axial; gluteus maximus = appendicular; pectoralis major = axial; platysma = axial; rectus femoris = axial B) deltoid = appendicular; external oblique = axial; gluteus maximus = axial; pectoralis major = appendicular; platysma = axial; rectus femoris = appendicular C) deltoid = appendicular; external oblique = axial; gluteus maximus = appendicular; pectoralis major = appendicular; platysma = axial; rectus femoris = appendicular D) deltoid = appendicular; external oblique = appendicular; gluteus maximus = appendicular; pectoralis major = axial; platysma = appendicular; rectus femoris = axial E) deltoid = axial; external oblique = appendicular; gluteus maximus = axial; pectoralis major = axial; platysma = appendicular; rectus femoris = appendicular
deltoid = appendicular; external oblique = axial; gluteus maximus = appendicular; pectoralis major = appendicular; platysma = axial; rectus femoris = appendicular
93) Twelve-year-old Aaron tried out for the Little League baseball team and was chosen as a pitcher. One day, after a few months of practice and games, Aaron's father told him, "Hey, kid, you're really getting some muscle definition there! You're going to be a major league pitcher someday, with muscles like that!" Which of Aaron's muscles in particular do you think were growing stronger and getting larger as a result of his pitching? A) triangularis, masseter, trapezius B) peroneus longus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius C) sartorius, soleus, rectus femoris D) deltoid, triceps brachii, and brachioradialis E) mentalis, risorius, levator anguli oris
deltoid, triceps brachii, and brachioradialis
81) All of the following muscles compresses the abdomen except A) internal oblique. B) external oblique. C) rectus abdominis. D) transverse abdominis. E) diaphragm.
diaphragm
155) Which muscles associated with the hyoid form the floor of the mouth? (Module 10.8C) A) hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus B) pharyngeal constrictors, laryngeal elevators, palatal muscles C) digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid D) genioglossus, hyoglossus, mylohyoid E) sternohyoid, sternothyroid, sternoglossus
digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid
119) Which of the following muscles pulls on the iliotibial tract? A) gluteus medius B) gluteus maximus C) pectineus D) vastus medialis E) All of the answers are correct.
gluteus maximus
48) The bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle are connected by the A) mandible. B) frontal bone. C) occipital bone. D) epicranial aponeurosis. E) forehead.
epicranial aponeuosis
134) Tom is having difficulty plantar flexing and everting his foot. Which muscle is most likely involved in this problem? A) tibialis anterior B) soleus C) gastrocnemius D) flexor digitorum longus E) fibularis longus
fibularis longus
142) The joint between the occipital bone of the skull and the first cervical vertebra (atlas) is which part of which class of lever system? (Module 10.2C) A) first-class lever; load B) second-class lever; applied force C) third-class lever; load D) first-class lever; fulcrum E) third-class lever; fulcrum
first-class lever; fulcrum
189) Name the muscles involved in flexing the toes. (Module 10.21B) A) extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus B) flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus C) tibialis anterior, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus D) gastrocnemius, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior E) plantaris, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
192) Identify the intrinsic muscle that flexes the great toe. (Module 10.22B) A) lumbricals B) flexor digitorum brevis C) abductor digiti minimi D) flexor hallucis brevis E) flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
153) List the muscles of the tongue. (Module 10.8A) A) genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus B) pharyngeal constrictors, laryngeal elevators, palatal muscles C) digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, omohyoid D) genioglossus, hyoglossus, mylohyoid, omohyoid E) sternohyoid, sternothyroid, sternoglossus, thyrohyoid
genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus
74) In assessing a stroke patient, you ask her to stick out (protract) her tongue. You note that it deviates to one side. You suspect that damage to the neural control of the ________ muscle has occurred. A) hyoglossus B) genioglossus C) palatoglossus D) styloglossus E) None of the answers is correct.
geniolossus
161) Which muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm? (Module 10.11A) A) levator ani (iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus), coccygeus, and external anal sphincter B) deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter C) bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal D) bulbospongiosus, coccygeus, and deep transverse perineal muscle E) ischiocavernosus, external urethral sphincter, and external anal sphincter
levator ani (iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus), coccygeus, and external anal sphincter
75) Which of the following is not a spinal flexor? A) quadratus lumborum B) longus capitis C) longus colli D) longissimus E) None of the answers is correct.
longissimus
73) The sternocleidomastoid inserts on the A) occipital bone. B) clavicle. C) mastoid process. D) sternum. E) None of the answers is correct.
mastoid process
151) Which muscles have their origin on the lateral pterygoid plates and their insertion on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible? (Module 10.7B) A) temporalis B) masseter C) zygomaticus major D) medial and lateral pterygoids E) zygomaticus minor
medial and lateral pterygoids
66) Medial rotation of the eyeball is performed by the ________ muscle. A) inferior rectus B) lateral rectus C) medial rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
medial rectus
67) Pam's daughter is born cross-eyed. As she grows, the problem does not improve. Her physician suggests cutting an eye muscle to bring the eyes into a more normal position. Which muscle will the doctor cut? A) inferior rectus B) lateral rectus C) medial rectus D) superior rectus E) superior oblique
medial rectus
31) Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called A) rectus. B) distalis. C) proximal. D) medialis. E) lateralis.
medialis
89) The ________ originate in the pelvic region and usually insert on the femur. A) muscles that move the leg B) muscles that move the thigh C) intrinsic muscles of the hand D) extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes E) muscles that move the arm
muscles that move the thigh
112) People who are engaged in repetitive hand movements such as typing or playing the piano may suffer wrist pain, especially during palmar flexion. All of the following are true concerning this condition except that it A) is called carpal tunnel syndrome. B) results from inflammation of the synovial tendon sheaths. C) never causes muscle weakness. D) results from inflammation of the carpal retinacula. E) irritates the median nerve.
never causes muscle weakness
109) Which of the following is the insertion of the triceps brachii? A) olecranon process of the ulna B) infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula C) lateral condyle of the humerus D) medial epicondyle of the humerus E) base of the second metacarpal
olecranon process of the ulna
164) Where do the muscles that position each pectoral girdle originate? (Module 10.12A) A) on the humerus B) on the axial skeleton C) on the pelvis D) on the radius and ulna E) on the femur
on the axial skeleton
154) Which muscles elevate the soft palate? (Module 10.8B) A) pharyngeal constrictors B) laryngeal elevators C) palatal muscles D) digastric muscle E) muscles originating at the sternum
palatal muscles
117) Which intrinsic muscle does not originate on a carpal bone? A) abductor digiti minimi B) adductor pollicis C) opponens digiti minimi D) flexor digiti minimi brevis E) palmar interosseus
palmar interosseus
16) Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called A) parallel. B) convergent. C) circular. D) pennate. E) sphincters.
parallel
70) The muscle that elevates the tongue is the A) genioglossus. B) hyoglossus. C) palatoglossus. D) geniohyoid. E) digastric.
patatoglossus
120) All of these muscles produce lateral rotation at the hip except the A) gluteus maximus B) piriformis C) quadrats femoris D) obturator internus E) pectineus
pectineus
90) The intrinsic muscles of the hand originate A) primarily on the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and insert on the phalanges. B) on the pectoral girdle and arm, and insert on the radius, ulna, and/or carpals. C) on the tibia and fibula, and insert on the tarsals, metatarsals, and/or phalanges. D) primarily on the carpal and metacarpal bones, and insert on the phalanges. E) on the pelvis and femur, and insert on the tibia and/or fibula.
primarily on the carpal and metacarpal bones, and insert on the phatanges
94) Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior? A) adducts the arm B) adducts and flexes the humerus C) protracts the shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula D) medial rotation of the humerus E) lateral rotation of the humerus
protracts the shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula
118) The adductor brevis has its origin on the A) ilium. B) pubis. C) sacrum. D) iliac crest. E) linea aspera.
pubis
76) The iliac crest is the origin of the A) quadratus lumborum. B) iliocostalis cervicis. C) longissimus cervicis. D) semispinalis capitis. E) splenius.
quadratus lumborum
86) Which of the following muscles is not found within the pelvic floor? A) ischiocavernosus B) deep transverse perineal C) bulbospongiosus D) coccygeus E) quadratus lumborum
quandratus lumborum
159) Which muscle connects the ribs and sternum to the pubic bones? (Module 10.10B) A) external intercostals B) external oblique C) transversus abdominis D) rectus abdominis E) diaphragm
rectus abdominis
165) Which axial muscle is often known as the "six-pack" in physically fit people? (Module 10.13A) A) trapezius B) pectoralis major C) latissimus dorsi D) transversus abdominis E) rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis
60) Which of the following is not an extrinsic eye muscle? A) inferior rectus B) rectus abdominis C) lateral rectus D) medial rectus E) superior oblique
rectus abdominis
79) Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the xiphoid process of the sternum? A) internal oblique B) external intercostal C) rectus abdominis D) internal intercostal E) scalene
rectus abdominis
80) The muscle that originates on the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the A) internal oblique. B) external oblique. C) rectus abdominis. D) transversus abdominis. E) scalene.
rectus abdominis
83) During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut lateral to the linea alba. The muscle that would be cut is the A) digastric. B) external abdominal oblique. C) rectus abdominis. D) scalenus. E) splenius.
rectus abdominis
124) All of the following provides flexion of the knee except A) biceps femoris. B) semimembranosus. C) semitendinosus. D) rectus femoris. E) sartorius.
rectus femoris
185) Name the muscle of the quadriceps femoris. (Module 10.20B) A) biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, popliteus B) rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis C) biceps femoris, rectus femoris, sartorius D) vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, sartorius, popliteus E) semitendinosus and rectus femoris
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
49) The zygomaticus major muscle acts to A) move the external ear. B) purse the lips. C) depress the lower lip. D) retract and elevate the corner of the mouth. E) close the eye.
retract and elevate the corner of the mouth
99) Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following except the A) supraspinatus. B) infraspinatus. C) subscapularis. D) teres minor. E) rhomboid.
rhomboid
92) Reflection of the trapezius muscle exposes the A) serratus anterior and subclavian muscles. B) infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. C) deltoid and supraspinatus muscles. D) rhomboid minor and levator scapulae muscles. E) gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles.
rhomboid minor and levator scapuale muscles
54) The muscles of the head and neck do not function in A) nonverbal communication. B) feeding. C) controlling the eyes. D) shrug the shoulders. E) rotate the head.
rotate the head
125) The only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum is the A) biceps femoris. B) gracilis. C) sartorius. D) iliopsoas. E) semimembranosus.
sartorious
187) Which muscle of the leg crosses and produces actions at two joints? (Module 10.20D) A) rectus femoris B) biceps femoris C) popliteus D) sartorius E) semitendinosus
sartorius
20) Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action except A) levator. B) pronator. C) tensor. D) sartorius. E) adductor.
sartorius