Chapter 10 Anatomy Homework Notes
Monocyte
1. Actively phagocytic leukocyte 2. Agranular 3. Increases in number during prolonged infections
Lymphocyte
1. Agranular leukocyte 2. After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue 3. Also called white blood cells
Red blood
1. Also called an erythrocyte 2. Anucleate 3. Contains hemoglobin
Basophil
1. Granular 2. Releases histamine during inflammatory reactions 3. Least numerous leukocyte
Eosinophil
1. Granular leukocyte 2. Increases during parasite attack 3. Also called white blood cells
Neutrophil
1. Most numerous leukocyte 2. Granular 3. Actively phagocytic 4. Also called white blood cells
Type A
Agglutinogens or antigens: A Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-B Can donate blood to type: A, AB Can receive blood from type: A, O
Type AB
Agglutinogens or antigens: A, B Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: none Can donate blood to type: AB Can receive blood from type: A, B, AB, O
Type B
Agglutinogens or antigens: B Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-A Can donate blood to type: B, AB Can receive blood from type: B, O
Type O
Agglutinogens or antigens: none Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-A, anti-B Can donate blood to type: A, B, AB, O Can receive blood from type: O
1. Platelets 2. Serotonin
Almost immediately, _________ cling to the blood vessel wall and release _________, which helps to decrease blood loss by helping to constrict the vessel.
Leukopenia
An abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells is _______________.
Leukocytosis
An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is _______________.
Less viscous
An anemia resulting from a decreased red blood cell number causes the blood to become _______________.
Oxygen
Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with ________; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.
Break
Clotting begins when a _________ occurs in a blood vessel wall.
Megakaryocyte
Fragments to form platelets
100-200 days
How long is the normal lifespan of erythrocytes?
1. Erythrocytes 2. Hematocrit
If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _________, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the __________.
1. Connective tissue 2. Formed elements 3. Plasma 4. Clotting
In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___________ because it has living blood cells, called ___________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___________. The "fibers" of blood only became visible during _________.
1. 2 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3
Most abundant --> Least abundant 1. ____ Lymphocyte 2. ____ Basophil 3. ____ Neutrophil 4. ____ Eosinophil 5. ____ Monocyte
Hematocrit
Normal ________________ values are in the area of 42%-47% of the volume of whole blood.
3-6
Normally, blood clots within ___________ minutes.
1. Fibrinogen 2. Fibrin 3. Erythrocytes
Once present, thrombin acts as an enzyme to attach ____________ molecules to form long, thread-like strands of ____________, which then traps ____________ flowing by in the blood.
Monocytes
Phagocytic agranular white blood cells are ____________.
Formed elements
Red blood, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte are examples of _________.
One
The buffy coat accounts for less than _______% of blood volume.
5.5 liters
The cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approximately ____ liters of blood.
Plasma
The less dense ________ rises to the top and constitutes about 55% of the blood volume.
Lymphocytes
The leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are _____________.
Heparin
The most important natural body anticoagulant is ______________.
7.35 to 7.45
The normal pH range of blood is ______ to ______.
4.5-5.5 million/ millimeter to the third
The normal red blood cell count is _____________.
Lymphocyte
The only white blood cell type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the _______________.
1. Leukocytes 2. Platelets
The so-called "buffy coat," composed of ________ and _________, is formed at the junction between the other two blood elements.
1. Prothrombin 2. Thrombin
This chemical substance causes ___________ to be converted to ____________.
Hemorrhage, aerobic exercise, living at a high altitude
What are examples of things that would serve as a stimulus for erythropoiesis?
Type O
What blood type is the universal donor?
Type AB
What blood type is the universal recipient?
Kidneys
When blood becomes too acidic or too basic, both the respiratory system and ________ may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.
Diapedesis
White blood cells move into and out of vessels by the process of _____________.
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 6 5. 5 6. 3 7. 7
_____ Stimulus: Decreased oxygen available to blood due to decreased RBC count or increased tissue demands _____ Kidney releases erythropoietin to blood _____Normal blood oxygen levels _____Results in increased RBC formation _____Acting on red bone marrow _____Declining oxygen levels in blood _____Results in increased oxygen carrying ability in the blood
1. Tissue factor 2. PF3 3. Prothrombin activator
__________, released by damaged cells in the area, interacts with ___________ on the platelet surfaces and other clotting factors to form ___________.
Hemostatis
______________ means stoppage of blood flow.