Chapter 10 Anatomy Homework Notes

Monocyte

1. Actively phagocytic leukocyte 2. Agranular 3. Increases in number during prolonged infections

Lymphocyte

1. Agranular leukocyte 2. After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue 3. Also called white blood cells

Red blood

1. Also called an erythrocyte 2. Anucleate 3. Contains hemoglobin

Basophil

1. Granular 2. Releases histamine during inflammatory reactions 3. Least numerous leukocyte

Eosinophil

1. Granular leukocyte 2. Increases during parasite attack 3. Also called white blood cells

Neutrophil

1. Most numerous leukocyte 2. Granular 3. Actively phagocytic 4. Also called white blood cells

Type A

Agglutinogens or antigens: A Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-B Can donate blood to type: A, AB Can receive blood from type: A, O

Type AB

Agglutinogens or antigens: A, B Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: none Can donate blood to type: AB Can receive blood from type: A, B, AB, O

Type B

Agglutinogens or antigens: B Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-A Can donate blood to type: B, AB Can receive blood from type: B, O

Type O

Agglutinogens or antigens: none Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma: anti-A, anti-B Can donate blood to type: A, B, AB, O Can receive blood from type: O

1. Platelets 2. Serotonin

Almost immediately, _________ cling to the blood vessel wall and release _________, which helps to decrease blood loss by helping to constrict the vessel.

Leukopenia

An abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells is _______________.

Leukocytosis

An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is _______________.

Less viscous

An anemia resulting from a decreased red blood cell number causes the blood to become _______________.

Oxygen

Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with ________; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.

Break

Clotting begins when a _________ occurs in a blood vessel wall.

Megakaryocyte

Fragments to form platelets

100-200 days

How long is the normal lifespan of erythrocytes?

1. Erythrocytes 2. Hematocrit

If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _________, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the __________.

1. Connective tissue 2. Formed elements 3. Plasma 4. Clotting

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___________ because it has living blood cells, called ___________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___________. The "fibers" of blood only became visible during _________.

1. 2 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3

Most abundant --> Least abundant 1. ____ Lymphocyte 2. ____ Basophil 3. ____ Neutrophil 4. ____ Eosinophil 5. ____ Monocyte

Hematocrit

Normal ________________ values are in the area of 42%-47% of the volume of whole blood.

3-6

Normally, blood clots within ___________ minutes.

1. Fibrinogen 2. Fibrin 3. Erythrocytes

Once present, thrombin acts as an enzyme to attach ____________ molecules to form long, thread-like strands of ____________, which then traps ____________ flowing by in the blood.

Monocytes

Phagocytic agranular white blood cells are ____________.

Formed elements

Red blood, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte are examples of _________.

One

The buffy coat accounts for less than _______% of blood volume.

5.5 liters

The cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approximately ____ liters of blood.

Plasma

The less dense ________ rises to the top and constitutes about 55% of the blood volume.

Lymphocytes

The leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are _____________.

Heparin

The most important natural body anticoagulant is ______________.

7.35 to 7.45

The normal pH range of blood is ______ to ______.

4.5-5.5 million/ millimeter to the third

The normal red blood cell count is _____________.

Lymphocyte

The only white blood cell type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the _______________.

1. Leukocytes 2. Platelets

The so-called "buffy coat," composed of ________ and _________, is formed at the junction between the other two blood elements.

1. Prothrombin 2. Thrombin

This chemical substance causes ___________ to be converted to ____________.

Hemorrhage, aerobic exercise, living at a high altitude

What are examples of things that would serve as a stimulus for erythropoiesis?

Type O

What blood type is the universal donor?

Type AB

What blood type is the universal recipient?

Kidneys

When blood becomes too acidic or too basic, both the respiratory system and ________ may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.

Diapedesis

White blood cells move into and out of vessels by the process of _____________.

1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 6 5. 5 6. 3 7. 7

_____ Stimulus: Decreased oxygen available to blood due to decreased RBC count or increased tissue demands _____ Kidney releases erythropoietin to blood _____Normal blood oxygen levels _____Results in increased RBC formation _____Acting on red bone marrow _____Declining oxygen levels in blood _____Results in increased oxygen carrying ability in the blood

1. Tissue factor 2. PF3 3. Prothrombin activator

__________, released by damaged cells in the area, interacts with ___________ on the platelet surfaces and other clotting factors to form ___________.

Hemostatis

______________ means stoppage of blood flow.