chapter 10, B&E 201, adaptive test prep
What is the correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, from the lowest level to the highest level?
Physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
Terrah took an early retirement, but she returned as a part-time consultant so she could work on a couple of her "pet projects" but still has time to travel and volunteer at the humane society. Which level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs does this example best illustrate?
Self-actualization needs
You're part of a team tasked with an important group assignment in this course. Most of the team members are doing their part, but one member doesn't show up for meetings and doesn't complete his part of the assignment. Which disadvantage of teams does this demonstrate?
Social loafing
Sherice installs software on the office computers that tracks mouse clicks and keystrokes and captures random screen shots so she can make sure employees are working instead of shopping online or updating their Facebook profiles. Sherice would best be described as a(n) _______ manager.
Theory X
In terms of scientific management, what was the purpose of time-motion studies?
To determine the precise physical motions that were most productive for each task
A worker's pay is docked because she comes in late. This is an example of _______.
a punishment
If Terry's widget production is three times that of the next employee, but all employees are paid the same amount, Terry will most likely:
ask for a raise
You're a workaholic, and your boss consistently praises the quality and quantity of your work. However, when raises are given out at the end of the year, everyone - including you - gets the same 2% raise. Equity theory would suggest that you would respond by _______.
asking for a promotion or raise
The equity theory of motivation is based on the premise that people are motivated:
by receiving a reward in accordance with their contribution.
According to expectancy theory, people are motivated:
by the desirability of an outcome and how likely they are to get it.
There is an issue with product quality. You as the production manager are assigned to a team with managers from other departments to determine the cause of the problem and implement a fix. This type of team is generally called a:
cross-functional team
In which stage of the MBO process do the manager and employee meet to determine how goals will be accomplished and what resources are needed?
develop action plan
According to management by objectives (MBO), the most effective goals are:
difficult but achievable
According to Frederick Herzberg, the absence of maintenance factors results in _______.
dissatisfaction
If your company offers bonuses for special merits, or an in-company competition, in order to reduce the possibility of employees feeling some sort of inequity, you should:
ensure you have communicated the basis of the rewards to the team.
Alison inadvertently learns that she is paid less than her coworker Kirsten. Both were hired right out of college and work in the same department doing the same type of work. Until now, Alison was relatively satisfied in her job, but now she's unhappy. Which theory of motivation is illustrated by Allison's situation?
equity theory
In terms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, earning recognition and respect from others helps to fulfill an individual's _____ needs.
esteem
A management position opens up at Cassandra's company. Even though she's well qualified and her boss encourages her to apply for it, she declines because it would mean a lot more travel. Which theory best explains Cassandra's behavior?
expectancy theory
As a manager, you have come to know your staff and can offer achievable rewards that appeal to them. According to _____, these practices should help employees stay motivated.
expectancy theory
Tyrone would like to be promoted to second shift supervisor, but he knows that, without a college degree, his chances are slim. According to _______, Tyrone's motivation to apply for the position is diminished.
expectancy theory
Grace, the manager at a large automotive dealership, has observed an unhealthy level of competition between the sales reps when she holds quarterly sales contests. To curtail this behavior, she stops giving bonuses for the highest-producing sales rep and instead holds a company-wide dinner to celebrate the total sales for the dealership. This is an example of _______.
extinction
The principles of scientific management were espoused by _______.
frederick taylor
A couple of team members disagree with team's approach to solving a problem, but because they don't want to create conflict in an otherwise close-knit team, they keep quiet. This is an example of:
groupthink
A desirable position has opened up in Stan's company, but it seems too far-fetched to attain. According to expectancy theory, Stan:
he will not be motivated to apply for the position, because attaining the outcome seems unlikely.
Two factors underlie motivation in terms of expectancy theory - how much you desire a particular outcome and:
how likely you think you are to get it.
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, the presence of motivation factors results in _______.
increased satisfaction
According to equity theory, we compare our reward ratio with the ratio for some other person, usually a work colleague. One of the unresolved issues with this theory is that:
it is based on our perception of equity, which may be inaccurate.
Portia is a sales representative for a pharmaceutical firm. She covers the greater Chicago metropolitan area. Her regional manager has recently assigned her to cover northwest Indiana and southeast Wisconsin in addition to her existing territory. This best describes _______.
job enlargement
What motivational technique includes giving employees additional but similar tasks to complete?
job enlargement
Belinda's job at the credit union has been changed so that, in addition to taking deposits and giving cash, she can assist members in filling out loan applications and can even approve loans under $500. This best describes _______.
job enrichment
Every two hours during her shift, Janelle moves to another workstation on the assembly line so that she is doing a different task. This best describes:
job rotation
Legal assistants at a law firm change assignments monthly so that they become familiar with different facets of the firm's practice, such as real estate, bankruptcy, divorce and personal injury. This practice is known as:
job rotation
MBO is a formal technique for implementing goal setting, and includes four steps: set goals, develop an action plan, implement the action plan, and finally, a performance review. MBO stands for:
management by objectives
The process through which top management sets organization goals, and managers and employees at various levels meet to jointly set performance goals is known as:
management by objectives.
According to equity theory, each of us develops our own input-to-outcome ratio. Inputs are the time, effort, skills, and so on, that we contribute to the organization. Outcomes are the rewards we get from the organization such as pay, recognition, and promotions. We'll call this the reward ratio because it:
measures the value of our rewards relative to our contribution.
Within the two-factor theory posited by Herzberg, if _____ factors are present in the workplace, workers will be satisfied, yet when _____ factors are lacking, workers become dissatisfied.
motivation; maintenance
At Aztec Industries, if employees have perfect attendance for a one-month period, they are not required to work overtime the next month unless they volunteer to do so. This is an example of _______.
negative reinforcement
If a worker is battling redundant and excessive red tape with company processes, and the employee mentions the redundancy to the boss, and the boss agrees and cuts out the redundancies, this would be an example of:
negative reinforcement
Keren's boss has texted him multiple times to remind him that an important report is due by the end of the day. Keren grumbles to a coworker, "If I have to skip lunch and work late, I'll get that report done, just so my boss will get off my back." This is an example of:
negative reinforcement
Trevon saw his boss yell at a coworker for coming in late. Trevon set his alarm for 10 minutes earlier in the morning so that he'd be on time for work and avoid his boss's wrath. This is an example of _______.
negative reinforcement
If you are paid according to the number of widgets you produce, regardless of the amount of time it takes you to produce those widgets, you are paid according to a:
piece-rate system
Department managers at a large retail store give out $5 gift certificates for a fast food restaurant when they see sales associates going "the extra mile" in doing their jobs. These gift certificates are a form of _______.
positive reinforcement
If you earn high praise from a customer for a job well done, this is a form of:
positive reinforcement
The method of reinforcement that is thought to be most effective is:
positive reinforcement
You've heard the saying that some managers use "the carrot or the stick" to control behavior. In terms of behavior modification, the "carrot" would be _______, whereas the "stick" would be _______.
positive reinforcement; punishment
Job specialization and scientific management theories, which were derived from Taylor's studies, concentrated on worker _____, while the Hawthorne studies suggested the importance of _____.
productivity; employee satisfaction
In terms of equity theory, all of the following would be characterized as input, except _______.
recognition
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, some of the motivating factors include achievement, recognition, the work itself, advancement, personal growth, and:
responsibility
Reinforcement theory suggests that behavior that is _____ likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that is _____ will occur less often.
rewarded; punished
The principles of scientific management suggest companies could:
scientifically determine the best way to do each task in a job.
You work on a team organized to meet a given objective. This type of team meets when needed, shares leadership duties depending on the tasks at hand, and each member is held responsible for meeting the main objective. This best describes a(n):
self-managed team
Family, friendship, and a sense of belonging are part of the _____ level in the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
social
Alexis hates the fact that she now works from home because she feels isolated and misses the interaction with her coworkers. Which level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs does this best illustrate?
social needs
When a team works well together, it's demonstrates the saying, "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts." This best describes which of the following advantages of teamwork?
synergy
Researcher Elton Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Western Electric Company to determine the effects of the work environment on employee productivity. These experiments came to be known as _______.
the hawthorne studies
Which of the following was an important component of Taylor's methods of scientific management?
time-motion studies
Members of a project team are located in multiple cities across the U.S. They meet each Wednesday at 2:00 p.m. via videoconferencing to discuss progress on the project. This best describes a(n) _______ team.
virtual
Under the equity theory, if you perceive equity between your reward ratio and someone else's, you will feel the organization is treating employees fairly and:
you are likely to leave things as they are.
You and your team members accomplish a project with a tight deadline on time and under budget. As a reward, the company gives each team member a $1,000 bonus. According to equity theory, what will be your likely response?
you will leave things as they are
You've been a successful trainer, and management has encouraged you to apply for the position of training manager, where you will be tracking the success of the other trainers, only occasionally getting back in the classroom. According to expectancy theory, if you prefer the classroom environment to a management position:
you will not be motivated to apply for the position because you do not value the outcome.
